31 Facts About Fascism

Fascism is a far-right, authoritarian, ultranationalist political ideology and movement, characterized by a dictatorial leader, centralized autocracy, militarism, forcible suppression of opposition, belief in a natural social hierarchy, subordination of individual interests for the perceived good of the nation and race, and strong regimentation of society and the economy.

Fascism rejects assertions that violence is inherently bad and views imperialism, political violence and war as means to national rejuvenation.

Fascism's origins are complex and include many seemingly contradictory viewpoints, ultimately centered on a mythos of national rebirth from decadence.

Fascism was founded during World War I by Italian national syndicalists who drew upon both left-wing organizational tactics and right-wing political views.

Mussolini sought to re-radicalize Italian Fascism, declaring that the fascist state had been overthrown because Italian fascism had been subverted by Italian conservatives and the bourgeoisie.

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Fascism claimed that a powerful monarch was a personified sovereign who could exercise authority to unite a nation's people.

Fascism advocated segregation of the genders because womanly sensibility must not enter men's education, which he claimed must be "lively, bellicose, muscular and violently dynamic.

Fascism believed that the Spirit of 1914 manifested itself in the concept of the People's League of National Socialism.

Fascism sought to accommodate Italian conservatives by making major alterations to its political agenda—abandoning its previous populism, republicanism and anticlericalism, adopting policies in support of free enterprise and accepting the Catholic Church and the monarchy as institutions in Italy.

Fascism'storian Stanley G Payne says: "[Fascism in Italy was a] primarily political dictatorship.

Fascism took the position that the "papacy was a malignant tumor in the body of Italy and must 'be rooted out once and for all, ' because there was no room in Rome for both the Pope and himself.

Fascism created an eight-hour work day and a forty-eight-hour work week in industry; sought to entrench a corporatist economy; and pursued irredentist claims on Hungary's neighbors.

Fascism denounced the contemporary "supercapitalism" that he claimed began in 1914 as a failure because of its alleged decadence, its support for unlimited consumerism, and its intention to create the "standardization of humankind.

Between 1939 and 1941, prior to his rise to power, Peron had developed a deep admiration of Italian Fascism and modelled his economic policies on Italian fascist policies.

Fascism seeks to solve economic, political and social problems by achieving a millenarian national rebirth, exalting the nation or race above all else and promoting cults of unity, strength and purity.

British Fascism was non-interventionist, though it did embrace the British Empire.

Thus understood, Fascism is totalitarian, and the Fascist State—a synthesis and a unit inclusive of all values—interprets, develops, and potentiates the whole life of a people.

Fascism presented itself as an alternative to both international socialism and free-market capitalism.

Fascism condemned what it viewed as widespread character traits that it associated as the typical bourgeois mentality that it opposed, such as: materialism, crassness, cowardice, and the inability to comprehend the heroic ideal of the fascist "warrior"; and associations with liberalism, individualism and parliamentarianism.

Fascism acknowledged the historical existence of both bourgeois and proletarian producers but declared the need for bourgeois producers to merge with proletarian producers.

Fascism denounced Marxism for its advocacy of materialist internationalist class identity, which fascists regarded as an attack upon the emotional and spiritual bonds of the nation and a threat to the achievement of genuine national solidarity.

Fascism emphasizes direct action, including supporting the legitimacy of political violence, as a core part of its politics.

Fascism emphasizes youth both in a physical sense of age and in a spiritual sense as related to virility and commitment to action.

Fascism identifies the physical age period of youth as a critical time for the moral development of people who will affect society.

Italian Fascism called for women to be honoured as "reproducers of the nation" and the Italian Fascist government held ritual ceremonies to honour women's role within the Italian nation.

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Fascism promotes the regeneration of the nation and purging it of decadence.

Fascism accepts forms of modernism that it deems promotes national regeneration while rejecting forms of modernism that are regarded as antithetical to national regeneration.

Fascism admired advances in the economy in the early 20th century, particularly Fordism and scientific management.

Fascism emphasized an "organic construction" between human and machine as a liberating and regenerative force that challenged liberal democracy, conceptions of individual autonomy, bourgeois nihilism and decadence.

Fascism conceived of a society based on a totalitarian concept of "total mobilization" of such disciplined warrior-workers.

Fascism has been widely criticized and condemned in modern times since the defeat of the Axis powers in World War II.