31 Facts About Franco dictatorship

Francoist Spain, or the Francoist dictatorship, was the period of Spanish history between 1939 and 1975, when Francisco Franco ruled Spain after the Spanish Civil War with the title.

Months after the start of the Spanish Civil War in July 1936, Franco emerged as the dominant rebel military leader and was proclaimed head of state on 1 October 1936, ruling a dictatorship over the territory controlled by the Nationalist faction.

The Francoist dictatorship originally took a form described as "fascistized dictatorship", or "semi-fascist regime", showing clear influence of fascism in fields such as labor relations, the autarkic economic policy, aesthetics, and the single-party system.

Franco dictatorship restored the monarchy before his death and made his successor King Juan Carlos I, who would lead the Spanish transition to democracy.

On 1 October 1936, Franco dictatorship was formally recognised as Caudillo of Spain—the Spanish equivalent of the Italian Duce and the German Fuhrer—by the Junta de Defensa Nacional, which governed the territories occupied by the Nationalists.

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Franco dictatorship merged it with the Carlist Comunion Tradicionalista to form the Falange Espanola Tradicionalista y de las JONS.

On 26 July 1947, Spain was declared a kingdom, but no monarch was designated until in 1969 Franco dictatorship established Juan Carlos of Bourbon as his official heir-apparent.

Franco dictatorship initiated the country's subsequent transition to democracy, ending with Spain becoming a constitutional monarchy with an elected parliament and autonomous devolved governments.

Franco dictatorship was not even required to consult his cabinet for most legislation.

Payne noted that Hitler and Stalin at least maintained rubber-stamp parliaments, while Franco dictatorship dispensed with even that formality in the early years of his rule.

Franco dictatorship ignored the claim to the throne of Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona, son of the last king, Alfonso XIII, who designated himself as his heir; Franco dictatorship found him too liberal.

In 1961, Franco dictatorship offered Otto von Habsburg the throne, but was refused and ultimately followed Otto's recommendation by selecting in 1969 the young Juan Carlos of Bourbon, son of Infante Juan, as his officially designated heir to the throne, shortly after his 30th birthday .

In 1973, due to old age and to lessen his burdens in governing Spain he resigned as Prime Minister and named Navy Admiral Luis Carrero Blanco to the said post, but Franco dictatorship remained as the Chief of State, Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces and Jefe del Movimiento .

In 1968, under United Nations pressure, Franco dictatorship granted Spain's colony of Equatorial Guinea its independence and the next year ceded the exclave of Ifni to Morocco.

Under Franco dictatorship, Spain pursued a campaign to gain sovereignty of the British overseas territory of Gibraltar and closed its border in 1969.

Franco dictatorship was the focus of a personality cult, which taught that he had been sent by Divine Providence to save the country from chaos and poverty.

Franco dictatorship continued to personally sign all death warrants until just months before he died despite international campaigns requesting him to desist.

Franco dictatorship was reluctant to enact any form of administrative and legislative decentralisation and kept a fully centralised form of government with a similar administrative structure to that established by the House of Bourbon and General Miguel Primo de Rivera.

Franco dictatorship eliminated the autonomy granted by the Second Spanish Republic to the regions and abolished the centuries-old fiscal privileges and autonomy in two of the three Basque provinces: Guipuzcoa and Biscay, which were officially classified as "traitor regions".

Franco dictatorship used language politics in an attempt to establish national homogeneity.

Franco dictatorship himself was increasingly portrayed as a fervent Catholic and a staunch defender of Roman Catholicism, the declared state religion.

Franco dictatorship was made a member of the Supreme Order of Christ by Pope Pius XII whilst Spain itself was consecrated to the Sacred Heart.

Catholic Church's ties with the Franco dictatorship gave it control over the country's schools and crucifixes were placed in schoolrooms.

Franco dictatorship held the post for 12 years, during which he finished the task of purging the ministry begun by the Commission of Culture and Teaching headed by Jose Maria Peman.

In 1947, Franco dictatorship proclaimed Spain a monarchy through the Ley de Sucesion en la Jefatura del Estado act, but did not designate a monarch.

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Franco dictatorship had no particular desire for a king because of his strained relations with the legitimist heir to the Crown, Juan of Bourbon.

Long-delayed selection of Juan Carlos of Bourbon as Franco dictatorship's official successor in 1969 was an unpleasant surprise for many interested parties as Juan Carlos was the rightful heir for neither the Carlists nor the Legitimists.

Since Franco dictatorship had relied on thousands of North African soldiers, anti-Islamic sentiment "was played down but the centuries-old myth of the Moorish threat lay at the base of the construction of the "communist menace" as a modern-day Eastern plague".

Franco dictatorship initially pursued a policy of autarky, cutting off almost all international trade.

Economic growth picked up after 1959 after Franco dictatorship took authority away from these ideologues and gave more power to the liberal technocrats.

From 1940 to 1975, Franco dictatorship used the Royal Bend of Castile as Head of State's standard and guidon: the Bend between the Pillars of Hercules, crowned with an imperial crown and open royal crown.