22 Facts About Gallipoli campaign

Gallipoli campaign was a military campaign in the First World War that took place on the Gallipoli peninsula, from 17 February 1915 to 9 January 1916.

The British briefly bombarded forts in Gallipoli campaign, invaded Mesopotamia and studied the possibility of forcing the Dardanelles.

Gallipoli campaign's absence created problems in chain of command and delays in decision making which negated his defence scheme that relied on rapid movement of troops.

Conditions at Gallipoli campaign grew worse for everyone as summer heat and poor sanitation resulted in an explosion in the fly population.

Situation at Gallipoli campaign was complicated by Bulgaria joining the Central Powers.

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Gallipoli campaign'storians are divided about how they summarise the campaign's result.

Broadbent describes the Gallipoli campaign as "a close-fought affair" that was a defeat for the Allies, while Carlyon views the overall result as a stalemate.

The Gallipoli campaign's necessity remains the subject of debate, and the recriminations that followed were significant, highlighting the schism that had developed between military strategists who felt the Allies should focus on fighting on the Western Front and those who favoured trying to end the war by attacking Germany's "soft underbelly", its allies in the east.

British and French submarine operations in the Sea of Marmara were the one significant area of success of the Gallipoli campaign, forcing the Ottomans to abandon the sea as a transport route.

Gallipoli campaign marked the end for Hamilton and Stopford, but Hunter-Weston went on to lead VIII Corps on the first day of the Battle of the Somme.

The Gallipoli campaign gave confidence to the Ottomans in their ability to defeat the Allies.

The optimism gained from the victory at Gallipoli campaign was replaced by a gathering sense of despair and the British remained on the offensive in the Middle East for the rest of the war.

Lessons of the Gallipoli campaign were studied by military planners prior to amphibious operations such as the Normandy Landings in 1944 and during the Falklands War in 1982.

The lessons of the Gallipoli campaign influenced US Marine Corps amphibious operations during the Pacific War and continue to influence US amphibious doctrine.

In 1996, Theodore Gatchel wrote that between the wars, the Gallipoli campaign "became a focal point for the study of amphibious warfare" in Britain and United States.

In 2008, Glenn Wahlert wrote that Gallipoli campaign involved "all four types of amphibious operations: the raid, demonstration, assault and withdrawal".

The memory of Gallipoli weighed upon the Australians during the planning of the Huon Peninsula campaign in late 1943.

In 2001, Carlyon gave figures of killed or missing, including In September 1915 Godley complained that too few of the recovered sick or wounded casualties from Gallipoli campaign were being returned from Egypt, and General John Maxwell replied that "the appetite of the Dardanelles for men has been phenomenal and wicked".

New Zealand semi-official history estimated that 8, 556 New Zealanders served at Gallipoli campaign and contained an estimate of battle casualties including In 2000, McGibbon wrote that had been killed, about a quarter of those who initially landed on the peninsula; other estimates were 2, 701 (Pugsley) or 2, 779 (Stowers).

British yeomanry units that had fought dismounted at Gallipoli campaign were reinforced and reorganised, forming the 74th Division and a portion of the 75th Division.

Significance of the Gallipoli campaign is felt strongly in both Australia and New Zealand, despite their being only a portion of the Allied forces; the campaign is regarded in both nations as a "baptism of fire" and had been linked to their emergence as independent states.

Gallipoli campaign had a significant impact on popular culture, including in film, television and song.