47 Facts About Hungarian Jews

Hungarian Jews restricted the Jews to cities with episcopal sees – probably to have them under the continuous supervision of the Church.

The infuriated Crusaders attacked some cities, and if Gedaliah ibn Yahya is to be believed, the Hungarian Jews suffered a fate similar to that of their coreligionists in France, Germany, and Bohemia.

Hungarian Jews decreed, among other regulations, that if a Christian borrowed from a Jew, or a Jew from a Christian, both Christian and Jewish witnesses must be present at the transaction.

An important office created by Louis was that of "judge of all the Hungarian Jews living in Hungary, " who was chosen from among the dignitaries of the country, the palatines, and treasurers, and had a deputy to aid him.

Hungarian Jews was hardly buried, when the people fell upon them, confiscated their property, refused to pay debts owing to them, and persecuted them generally.

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Hungarian Jews finally applied to the German Emperor Maximilian for protection.

Under Ladislaus' successor, Louis II, persecution of the Hungarian Jews was a common occurrence.

The city of Pressburg received permission from the queen to expel the Hungarian Jews living within its territory, because they had expressed their intention of fleeing before the Turks.

Hungarian Jews living in the parts of Hungary occupied by the Ottoman Empire were treated far better than those living under the Habsburgs.

The Hungarian Jews remained in the city, without abandoning their religion.

The Hungarian Jews had to pay a special war-tax when the imperial troops set out toward the end of the 16th century to recapture Buda from the Ottomans.

Hungarian Jews held that the Jews could not be exterminated at once, but they must be weeded out by degrees, as bad coin is gradually withdrawn from circulation.

Hungarian Jews were not be permitted to engage in agriculture, nor to own any real estate, nor to keep Christian servants.

The Kuruc imprisoned and slew the Hungarian Jews, who had incurred their anger by siding with the king's party.

The king granted letters of protection to those that had been ruined by the revolt, and demanded satisfaction for those that had been injured; but in return for these favors he commanded the Hungarian Jews to furnish the sums necessary for suppressing the revolt.

Lot of the Hungarian Jews was not improved under the reign of Leopold's son, Charles III .

Moravian Hungarian Jews continued to live in Hungary as Moravian subjects; even those that went there for the purpose of marrying and settling promised on oath before leaving that they would pay the same taxes as those living in Moravia.

The Moravian Hungarian Jews, who had suffered by the heavy emigration, then brought complaint; and Maria Theresa ordered that all Jewish and Christian subjects that had emigrated after 1740 should be extradited, while those who had emigrated before that date were to be released from their Moravian allegiance.

The Hungarian Jews continued to settle near these towns; they displayed their wares at the fairs; and, with the permission of the court, they even erected a foundry at Sag .

When King Charles ordered them to leave, the royal mandate was in some places ignored; in others the Hungarian Jews obeyed so slowly that he had to repeat his edict three months later.

Hungarian Jews had to pay heavier bridge-and ferry-tolls than the Christians; at Nagyszombat they had to pay three times the ordinary sum, namely, for the driver, for the vehicle, and for the animal drawing the same; and in three villages belonging to the same district they had to pay toll, although there was no toll-gate.

Hungarian Jews living on the estates of the nobles had to give their wives and children as pledges for arrears of taxes.

In Upper Hungary they asked for the revocation of the toleration-tax imposed by the chamber of Zips County, on the ground that otherwise the Hungarian Jews living there would have to pay two such taxes; and they asked to be relieved from a similar tax paid to the Diet.

In regard to the other complaints she ordered that the Hungarian Jews should specify them in detail, and that the government should remedy them insofar as they came under its jurisdiction.

Toleration-tax had hardly been instituted when Michael Hirsch petitioned the government to be appointed primate of the Hungarian Jews to be able to settle difficulties that might arise among them, and to collect the tax.

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The government did not recommend Hirsch, but decided that in case the Hungarian Jews should refuse to pay, it might be advisable to appoint a primate to adjust the matter.

In consequence the Hungarian government issued a decree known as the, which wiped out at one stroke the decrees that had oppressed the Jews for centuries.

The royal free towns, except the mining-towns, were opened to the Hungarian Jews, who were allowed to settle at leisure throughout the country.

Documents written in Hebrew or in Yiddish were not legal; Hebrew books were to be used at worship only; the Hungarian Jews were to organize elementary schools; the commands of the emperor, issued in the interests of the Hungarian Jews, were to be announced in the synagogues; and the rabbis were to explain to the people the salutary effects of these decrees.

The Hungarian Jews were to create a fund for organizing and maintaining their schools.

Hungarian Jews were allowed to peddle and to engage in various industrial occupations, and to be admitted into the guilds.

All distinctive marks hitherto worn by the Hungarian Jews were to be abolished, and they might even carry swords.

The Hungarian Jews organized schools in various places, at Pressburg, Obuda, Vagujhely, and Nagyvarad .

The government interfered; and the Hungarian Jews were merely forbidden to engage in peddling in the city.

Hungarian Jews sent it the following day to the chancelleries of Hungary and Moravia for their opinions.

Some Hungarian Jews advised emigration to America as a means of escape; and a society was founded at Pest, with a branch at Pressburg, for that purpose.

Hungarian Jews entered the national guard as early as March 1848; although they were excluded from certain cities, they reentered as soon as the danger to the country seemed greater than the hatred of the citizens.

The rebellious Serbians slew the Jews at Zenta who sympathized with Hungary; among them, Rabbi Israel Ullmann and Jacob Munz, son of Moses Munz of Obuda The conduct of the Jewish soldiers in the Hungarian army was highly commended by Generals Klapka and Gorgey.

Hungarian Jews served their country not only with the sword, but with funds.

Many Hungarian Jews thought to pave the way for emancipation by a radical reform of their religious life.

The Ministry of the Interior was ordered to call a convention of Jewish ministers and laymen for the purpose of drafting a confession of faith, and of inducing the Hungarian Jews to organize their religious life in conformity with the demands of the time, for instance, business hours on Saturday, the Jewish Sabbath.

In that year the cabinet, with Emperor Franz Joseph in the chair, decreed that the status of the Hungarian Jews should be regulated in agreement with the times, but with due regard for the conditions obtaining in the several localities and provinces.

Decade of absolutism in Hungary resulted in Hungarian Jews establishing schools, most of which were in charge of trained teachers.

Hungarian Jews attained remarkable achievements in business, culture and less frequently even in politics.

Thanks to the modernity of the constitution and to the benevolence of emperor Franz Joseph, the Austrian Hungarian Jews came to regard the era of Austria-Hungary as a golden era of their history.

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In interwar Hungary, more than half and perhaps as much as 90 percent of Hungarian Jews industry was owned or operated by a few closely related Jewish banking families.

The Hungarian government was solely in charge of the Jews' transportation up to the northern border.