21 Facts About Indian rhinoceros

Indian rhinoceros, called the Indian rhino, greater one-horned rhinoceros or great Indian rhinoceros, is a rhinoceros species native to the Indian subcontinent.

However, poaching remains a continuous threat, as more than 150 Indian rhinoceros rhinos were killed in Assam by poachers between 2000 and 2006.

Into the Holocene, some Indian rhinoceros lived as far west as Gujarat and Pakistan until as recently as 3,200 years ago.

The Indian rhinoceros is known from Early Pleistocene localities in Java, South China, India and Pakistan.

Indian rhinoceros rhinos have a thick grey-brown skin with pinkish skin folds and one horn on their snout.

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Indian rhinoceros rhino's single horn is present in both bulls and cows, but not on newborn calves.

In 2006, the total Indian rhinoceros population was estimated to comprise 2,577 individuals, of which 2,165 lived in India:.

In 2015, Nepal had 645 Indian rhinoceros rhinos living in Parsa National Park, Chitwan National Park, Bardia National Park, Shuklaphanta Wildlife Reserve and respective buffer zones in the Terai Arc Landscape as recorded in a survey conducted from 11 April to 2 May 2015.

Indian rhinoceros rhinos have few natural enemies, except for tigers, which sometimes kill unguarded calves, but adult rhinos are less vulnerable due to their size.

The Indian rhinoceros rhino has pedal scent glands which are used to mark their presence at these rhino latrines.

Unlike African rhinos, Indian rhinoceros rhinos fight with their incisors, rather than their horn.

In one five-year field study, only one Indian rhinoceros rhino estimated to be younger than 15 years mated successfully.

In captivity, four Indian rhinoceros rhinos are known to have lived over 40 years, the oldest living to be 47.

The Indian rhinoceros population living in Chitwan and Parsa National Parks was estimated at 608 mature individuals in 2015.

Indian rhinoceros rhinos have been reintroduced to the following new areas where they had previously inhabited but became extinct.

In 1984, five Indian rhinoceros rhinos were relocated to Dudhwa National Park — four from the fields outside the Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary and one from Goalpara.

Indian rhinoceros rhinos were once found as far west as the Peshawar Valley during the reign of Mughal Emperor Babur, but are now extinct in Pakistan.

In June 2009, an Indian rhinoceros rhino was artificially inseminated using sperm collected four years previously and cryopreserved at the Cincinnati Zoo's CryoBioBank before being thawed and used.

Indian rhinoceros is one of the motifs on the Pashupati seal and many terracotta figurines that were excavated at archaeological sites of the Indus Valley civilisation.

Indian rhinoceros was the first rhinoceros seen in Europe after Durer's Rhinoceros.

Indian rhinoceros arrived in Europe in Rotterdam in 1741, becoming the fifth living rhinoceros to be seen in Europe in modern times since Durer's Rhinoceros in 1515.