25 Facts About Java

Java was the center of the Indonesian struggle for independence during the 1930s and 1940s.

The Madurese in the Eastern salient of Java are migrants from Madura Island, while the Betawi in the capital city of Jakarta are hybrids from various ethnic groups in Indonesia.

Java is mentioned in the ancient Tamil text Manimekalai by Chithalai Chathanar which states that Java had a kingdom with a capital called Nagapuram.

The name indicates Java and seems to be derived from the Sanskrit name Java-dvipa .

Java is surrounded by the Java Sea to the north, Sunda Strait to the west, the Indian Ocean to the south and Bali Strait and Madura Strait in the east.

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Java is almost entirely of volcanic origin; it contains thirty-eight mountains forming an east–west spine that have at one time or another been active volcanoes.

Java was the first place where Indonesian coffee was grown, starting in 1699.

West Java is wetter than East Java, and mountainous regions receive much higher rainfall.

Natural environment of Java is tropical rainforest, with ecosystems ranging from coastal mangrove forest on the north coast, rocky coastal cliffs on the southern coast, and low-lying tropical forest to high altitude rainforest on the slopes of mountainous volcanic regions in the interior.

Today, several national parks exist in Java that protect the remnants of its fragile wildlife, such as Ujung Kulon, Mount Halimun-Salak, Gede Pangrango, Baluran, Meru Betiri, Bromo Tengger Semeru and Alas Purwo.

The chain of volcanic mountains and associated highlands running the length of Java kept its interior regions and peoples separate and relatively isolated.

Emergence of civilization on the island of Java is often associated with the story of Aji Saka from 78 AD.

Taruma and Sunda kingdoms of western Java appeared in the 4th and 7th centuries respectively, while the Kalingga Kingdom sent embassies to China starting in 640.

In 1811, Java was captured by the British, becoming a possession of the British Empire, and Sir Stamford Raffles was appointed as the island's governor.

In 1814, Java was returned to the Dutch under the terms of the Treaty of Paris.

Java is divided into four provinces and two special regions:.

Java has been traditionally dominated by an elite class, while the people in the lower classes were often involved in agriculture and fishing.

The elite class in Java has evolved over the course of history, as cultural wave after cultural wave immigrated to the island.

Central Java however has a younger population than the national average.

East Java is home to ethnic Balinese, as well as large numbers of Madurans due to their historic poverty.

Java's remaining aristocracy is based here, and it is the region from where the majority of Indonesia's army, business, and political elite originate.

Small Hindu enclaves are scattered throughout Java, but there is a large Hindu population along the eastern coast nearest Bali, especially around the town of Banyuwangi.

Java was famous for rice surpluses and rice export since ancient times, and rice agriculture contributed to the population growth of the island.

Java took part in the global trade of Maluku spice from ancient times in the Majapahit era, until well into the Dutch East India Company era.

Java has been Indonesia's most developed island since the Dutch East Indies era and continues to be so today in the modern Republic of Indonesia.

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