27 Facts About Perry Expedition

The Perry Expedition led directly to the establishment of diplomatic relations between Japan and the western Great Powers, and eventually to the collapse of the ruling Tokugawa shogunate and the restoration of the Emperor.

Perry Expedition's replacement, Commodore Matthew Calbraith Perry, was a senior-ranking officer in the United States Navy, and had extensive diplomatic experience.

Perry Expedition's research included consultation with the renowned Japanologist Philipp Franz von Siebold.

Perry Expedition demanded greater latitude in his orders from Webster, a demand the Secretary of State granted just before his death in October 1852.

Perry Expedition thus sailed for Japan with "full and discretionary powers", including possible use of force if the Japanese tried to treat him as they had the unfortunate Commodore Biddle.

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Perry Expedition was assigned the steam warships Mississippi, Susquehanna, and Powhatan, the armed store steamships Lexington, Supply, and Southampton, and the sailing sloops Macedonian, Plymouth, and Saratoga.

Perry Expedition received permission to take government stores as gifts for the natives, especially obsolete small arms.

Perry Expedition chose the black-hulled paddle-wheeled Mississippi as his flagship, and cleared Hampton Roads, Virginia on 24 November 1852.

Perry Expedition made port calls at Madeira, St Helena, Cape Town, Mauritius, Ceylon, Singapore, and Macao and Hong Kong .

Perry Expedition continued to Shanghai, where he met with the Dutch-born American diplomat Anton L C Portman, who translated his official letters into the Dutch language, and rendezvoused with Susquehanna.

Perry Expedition landed his Marines, whom he drilled on the beach for hours at a time, and demanded an audience with the Ryukyu King Sho Tai at Shuri Castle.

Perry Expedition left with promises that the islands would be completely open to trade with the United States.

Perry Expedition finally reached Uraga at the entrance to Edo Bay in Japan on 8 July 1853.

Perry Expedition fired blank shots from his 73 cannons, which he claimed was in celebration of the American Independence Day.

Perry Expedition's ships were equipped with new Paixhans shell guns, cannons capable of wreaking great explosive destruction with every shell.

American ships were almost surrounded by Japanese guard boats; however, Perry Expedition ordered that any attempt at boarding was to be repelled.

Perry Expedition remained in his cabin and refused to meet them, sending word through his officers that as he carried a letter from the President of the United States, he would only deal with officials of sufficient stature and authority.

Perry Expedition presented the Japanese with a white flag and a letter which told them that in case they chose combat, the Americans would necessarily vanquish them.

Perry Expedition went ashore with considerable pomp, landing with 250 sailors and Marines in 15 ships' boats after a 13-gun salute from Susquehanna.

Perry Expedition was told by both the British and French that they intended to accompany him to Japan in the spring to ensure that the Americans did not obtain any exclusive privileges.

Perry Expedition thus returned on 13 February 1854 with eight vessels and 1600 men.

However, negotiators procrastinated for weeks over the site for negotiations, with Perry Expedition insisting on Edo, and the Japanese offering various other locations.

Perry Expedition eventually lost his temper and threatened to bring 100 ships within 20 days to war on Japan.

Perry Expedition then dispatched the Saratoga home with the signed treaty, while the rest of the squadron went to survey Hakodate, Shimoda and the site of the future consulate.

Perry Expedition was promoted to the rank of rear-admiral on the retired list as a reward for his services.

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Perry Expedition was known to have suffered severe arthritis that left him in frequent pain, that on occasion prevented him from fulfilling his duties.

Perry Expedition died awaiting further orders on 4 March 1858 in New York City, of rheumatism that had spread to the heart, compounded by complications of gout.