24 Facts About Polish language

Polish language is subdivided into regional dialects and maintains strict T–V distinction pronouns, honorifics and various forms of formalities when addressing individuals.

Polish language is written in the traditional 32-letter Polish language alphabet, which has nine additions to the letters of the basic 26-letter Latin alphabet .

Polish is a synthetic and fusional language which has seven grammatical cases, one of few languages in the world possessing continuous penultimate stress with only a few exceptions, and the only in its group having an abundance of palatal consonants.

Polish language'storically, Polish was a lingua franca, important both diplomatically and academically in Central and part of Eastern Europe.

Today, Polish is spoken by approximately 38 million people as their first language in Poland.

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Polish language was a lingua franca from 1500 to 1700 in Central and parts of Eastern Europe, because of the political, cultural, scientific and military influence of the former Polish language–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

Geographical distribution of the Polish language was greatly affected by the territorial changes of Poland immediately after World War II and Polish population transfers .

Some Poles remained in the previously Polish language-ruled territories in the east that were annexed by the USSR, resulting in the present-day Polish language-speaking minorities in Lithuania, Belarus, and Ukraine, although many Poles were expelled or emigrated from those areas to areas within Poland's new borders.

The modern standard dialect, often termed as "correct Polish language", is spoken or at least understood throughout the entire country.

Polish language has traditionally been described as consisting of four or five main regional dialects:.

In July 2007, the Silesian Polish language was recognized by ISO, and was attributed an ISO code of szl.

Polish language has six oral vowels, which are all monophthongs, and two nasal vowels.

Polish language can have word-initial and word-medial clusters of up to four consonants, whereas word-final clusters can have up to five consonants.

Predominant stress pattern in Polish language is penultimate stress – in a word of more than one syllable, the next-to-last syllable is stressed.

In psycholinguistic experiments, speakers of Polish language have been demonstrated to be sensitive to the distinction between regular penultimate and exceptional antepenultimate stress.

Polish language alphabet derives from the Latin script but includes certain additional letters formed using diacritics.

The Polish alphabet was one of three major forms of Latin-based orthography developed for Western and some South Slavic languages, the others being Czech orthography and Croatian orthography, the last of these being a 19th-century invention trying to make a compromise between the first two.

Diacritics used in the Polish alphabet are the kreska over the letters c, n, o, s, z and through the letter in l; the kropka over the letter z, and the ogonek under the letters a, e The letters q, v, x are used only in foreign words and names.

Polish language orthography is largely phonemic—there is a consistent correspondence between letters and phonemes .

German words found in the Polish language are often connected with trade, the building industry, civic rights and city life.

Polish language has received an intensive number of English loanwords, particularly after World War II.

The Polish language exerted significant lexical influence upon Ukrainian, particularly in the fields of abstract and technical terminology; for example, the Ukrainian word panstvo is derived from Polish.

Polish language started to be used in literature in the Late Middle Ages.

Five people writing in the Polish language have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature: Henryk Sienkiewicz, Wladyslaw Reymont, Czeslaw Milosz, Wislawa Szymborska and Olga Tokarczuk .