44 Facts About Rubens

Sir Peter Paul Rubens was a Flemish artist and diplomat from the Duchy of Brabant in the Southern Netherlands .

Rubens is considered the most influential artist of the Flemish Baroque tradition.

Rubens's highly charged compositions reference erudite aspects of classical and Christian history.

Rubens was a painter producing altarpieces, portraits, landscapes, and history paintings of mythological and allegorical subjects.

Rubens was a prolific designer of cartoons for the Flemish tapestry workshops and of frontispieces for the publishers in Antwerp.

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Rubens's commissioned works were mostly history paintings, which included religious and mythological subjects, and hunt scenes.

Rubens painted portraits, especially of friends, and self-portraits, and in later life painted several landscapes.

Rubens designed tapestries and prints, as well as his own house.

Rubens oversaw the ephemeral decorations of the royal entry into Antwerp by the Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria in 1635.

Rubens wrote a book with illustrations of the palaces in Genoa, which was published in 1622 as Palazzi di Genova.

Rubens was an avid art collector and had one of the largest collections of art and books in Antwerp.

Rubens was an art dealer and is known to have sold an important number of art objects to George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham.

Rubens was one of the last major artists to make consistent use of wooden panels as a support medium, even for very large works, but he used canvas as well, especially when the work needed to be sent a long distance.

In 1589, two years after his father's death, Rubens moved with his mother Maria Pypelincks to Antwerp, where he was raised as a Catholic.

Religion figured prominently in much of his work, and Rubens later became one of the leading voices of the Catholic Counter-Reformation style of painting .

Rubens completed his education in 1598, at which time he entered the Guild of St Luke as an independent master.

The colouring and compositions of Veronese and Tintoretto had an immediate effect on Rubens's painting, and his later, mature style was profoundly influenced by Titian.

Rubens was influenced by the recent, highly naturalistic paintings by Caravaggio.

Rubens later made a copy of Caravaggio's Entombment of Christ and recommended his patron, the Duke of Mantua, to purchase The Death of the Virgin .

Rubens painted an equestrian portrait of the Duke of Lerma during his stay that demonstrates the influence of works like Titian's Charles V at Muhlberg .

Rubens returned to Italy in 1604, where he remained for the next four years, first in Mantua and then in Genoa and Rome.

Rubens illustrated books, which was published in 1622 as Palazzi di Genova.

Rubens continued to write many of his letters and correspondences in Italian, signed his name as "Pietro Paolo Rubens", and spoke longingly of returning to the peninsula—a hope that never materialized.

Rubens received special permission to base his studio in Antwerp instead of at their court in Brussels, and to work for other clients.

Rubens remained close to the Archduchess Isabella until her death in 1633, and was called upon not only as a painter but as an ambassador and diplomat.

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In 1610 Rubens moved into a new house and studio that he designed.

Rubens used the production of prints and book title-pages, especially for his friend Balthasar Moretus, the owner of the large Plantin-Moretus publishing house, to extend his fame throughout Europe during this part of his career.

In 1618, Rubens embarked upon a printmaking enterprise by soliciting an unusual triple privilege to protect his designs in France, the Southern Netherlands, and United Provinces.

Rubens enlisted Lucas Vorsterman to engrave a number of his notable religious and mythological paintings, to which Rubens appended personal and professional dedications to noteworthy individuals in the Southern Netherlands, United Provinces, England, France, and Spain.

Rubens recruited a number of engravers trained by Christoffel Jegher, whom he carefully schooled in the more vigorous style he wanted.

Rubens designed the last significant woodcuts before the 19th-century revival in the technique.

Rubens relied on his friendship with Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc to get information on political developments in France.

Rubens made several trips to the northern Netherlands as both an artist and a diplomat.

Rubens was awarded an honorary Master of Arts degree from Cambridge University in 1629.

Rubens began a renewed study of Titian's paintings, copying numerous works including the Madrid Fall of Man .

Rubens returned to Antwerp and Velazquez made the journey without him.

In 1635, Rubens bought an estate outside Antwerp, the Steen, where he spent much of his time.

At the request of canon van Parijs, Rubens's epitaph, written in Latin by his friend Gaspar Gevartius, was chiselled on the chapel floor.

The concepts Rubens artistically represents illustrate the male as powerful, capable, forceful and compelling.

Male archetypes readily found in Rubens's paintings include the hero, husband, father, civic leader, king, and the battle weary.

Rubens was a great admirer of Leonardo da Vinci's work.

Rubens had, as was usual at the time, a large workshop with many apprentices and students.

About 20 pupils or assistants of Rubens have been identified, with various levels of evidence to include them as such.

At a Sotheby's auction on 10 July 2002, Rubens's painting Massacre of the Innocents, rediscovered not long before, sold for £49.