27 Facts About Livorno

Livorno is a port city on the Ligurian Sea on the western coast of Tuscany, Italy.

The status of a multiethnic and multicultural Livorno lasted until the second half of the nineteenth century; however, the vestiges of that time can still be seen in the churches, villas and palaces of the city.

Livorno is considered the most modern among all the Tuscan cities, and is the third most populous of Tuscany, after Florence and Prato.

Origins of Livorno are controversial, although the place was inhabited since the Neolithic Age as shown by worked bones, pieces of copper and ceramic found on the Livorno Hills in a cave between Ardenza and Montenero.

Livorno was used certainly in the eighteenth century by Florentines.

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The only remainder of medieval Livorno is a fragment of two towers and a wall, located inside the Fortezza Vecchia.

The arrival of the latter began in the late sixteenth century with the Alhambra Decree, which resulted in the expulsion of Jews from Spain and Portugal - while Livorno extended to them rights and privileges; they contributed to the mercantile wealth and scholarship in the city.

Livorno became an enlightened European city and one of the most important ports of the entire Mediterranean Basin.

Livorno's tolerance fell victim to the European wars of religion.

But, in the preceding period, the merchants of Livorno had developed a series of trading networks with Protestant Europe, and the Dutch, British, and Germans worked to retain these.

In 1839 Livorno had ten major commercial houses, led primarily by ethnic Greeks and Jewish Italians.

Livorno inhabitants speak a variant of the Italian Tuscan dialect, known as a vernacolo.

Since 1866 Livorno has been noted for its Cantiere navale fratelli Orlando.

Livorno refinery was established in 1936 by Azienda Nazionale Idrogenazione Combustibili but the plant was completely destroyed during World War II.

Former Whitehead Alenia Sistemi Subacquei plant, based in Livorno produced heavy and light torpedoes, anti-torpedo countermeasure systems for submarines and ships and sonar systems for underwater surveillance.

Livorno Aquarium, dedicated to Diacinto Cestoni, is the main in Tuscany.

Livorno Aquarium has 33 exhibition tanks containing 2000 animals of 300 different species.

The origin of the museum dates back to 1877 when the Comune of Livorno founded a Civic Gallery where to collect all the artistic objects kept in several places around the town; in the same period was written the guideline of the gallery which hosted a collection of paintings of authors by Livorno.

Acquedotto Leopoldino and the neoclassical cisterns of Livorno were part of a sophisticated scheme to provide water to Livorno.

La Gran Conserva, or Il Cisternone, situated on what were the outskirts of 19th-century Livorno, is the largest and best known of the city's covered cisterns.

Cathedral of the town, commonly called Duomo di Livorno, is dedicated to Francis of Assisi, Mary, mother of Jesus, and Julia of Corsica, and was built in a central position of the Pentagono del Buontalenti on the south side of Piazza Grande once named Piazza d'Arme.

Synagogue of Livorno is the main Jewish place of worship in Livorno located in Piazza Elijah Benamozegh.

Pisa realized the strategic importance of the castle of Livorno which owned since 1103 and in 1377 the Doge Gambacorti of the Republic of Pisa built a quadrangular Fort called Quadratura dei Pisani on plans attributed to Puccio di Landuccio and Francesco di Giovanni Giordani.

Livorno became a town, encircled by the navigable Fosso Reale, with numerous palaces, warehouse, garrisons and custom-houses.

Italian Naval Academy is a mixed-sex military university in Livorno, which is responsible for the technical training of military officers of the Italian Navy.

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Since 1875 Livorno has ever had a public transport system managed by some companies that changed over the years.

Port of Livorno is one of the largest seaports both in Italy and the Mediterranean Sea as a whole.