32 Facts About Macedonian language

Macedonian language developed out of the western dialects of the East South Slavic dialect continuum, whose earliest recorded form is Old Church Slavonic.

Standard Macedonian language was codified in 1945 and has developed modern literature since.

Macedonian language orthography is phonemic with a correspondence of one grapheme per phoneme.

Macedonian language syntax is of the subject-verb-object type and has flexible word order.

Macedonian language vocabulary has been historically influenced by Turkish and Russian.

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The international consensus outside of Bulgaria is that Macedonian is an autonomous language within the Eastern South Slavic dialect continuum, although since Macedonian and Bulgarian are mutually intelligible and are socio-historically related, a small minority of linguists are divided in their views of the two as separate languages or as a single pluricentric language.

In that sense, Macedonian has experienced convergent evolution with other languages that belong to this group such as Greek, Aromanian, Albanian and Romani due to cultural and linguistic exchanges that occurred primarily through oral communication.

The "canonical" Old Church Slavonic period of the development of Macedonian language started during the 9th century and lasted until the first half of the 11th century.

The period between 1840 and 1870, saw a struggle to define the dialectal base of the common Macedonian language called simply "Bulgarian", with two opposing views emerging.

Macedonian language has the status of an official language only in North Macedonia, and is a recognized minority and official language in parts of Albania, Romania, Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Macedonian is studied and taught at various universities across the world and research centers focusing on the language are found at universities across Europe as well as Australia, Canada and the United States .

The linguistic territory where Macedonian language dialects were spoken span outside the country and within the region of Macedonia, including Pirin Macedonia into Bulgaria and Aegean Macedonia into Greece.

Macedonian language possesses five vowels, one semivowel, three liquid consonants, three nasal stops, three pairs of fricatives, two pairs of affricates, a non-paired voiceless fricative, nine pairs of voiced and unvoiced consonants and four pairs of stops.

Out of all the Slavic languages, Macedonian has the most frequent occurrence of vowels relative to consonants with a typical Macedonian sentence having on average 1.

Typical features and rules that apply to consonants in the Macedonian language include assimilation of voiced and voiceless consonants when next to each other, devoicing of vocal consonants when at the end of a word, double consonants and elision.

Literary Macedonian is the only South Slavic literary language that has three forms of the definite article, based on the degree of proximity to the speaker, and a perfect tense formed by means of an auxiliary verb "to have", followed by a past participle in the neuter, known as the verbal adjective.

Macedonian language nouns belong to one of three genders and are inflected for number, and marginally for case.

The definite article in Macedonian is postpositive, i e it is added as a suffix to nouns.

An individual feature of the Macedonian language is the use of three definite articles, inflected for gender and related to the position of the object, which can be unspecified, proximate or distal.

Macedonian language adjectives agree in form with the noun they modify and are thus inflected for gender, number and definiteness and ???? changes to ????? when used to describe a feminine noun, ????? when used to describe a neuter noun and ????? when used to form the plural .

Personal pronouns in Macedonian language appear in three genders and both in singular and plural.

Macedonian language has developed a grammatical category which specifies the opposition of witnessed and reported actions .

Present tense in Macedonian language is formed by adding a suffix to the verb stem which is inflected per person, form and number of the subject.

Similar to other Slavic languages, Macedonian verbs have a grammatical aspect that is a typical feature of Slavic languages.

Macedonian language verbs have three grammatical moods : indicative, imperative and conditional.

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The Macedonian language conditional is conjugated in the same way for all three persons using the particle ?? and the verbal l-form, ?? ????? .

Macedonian language syntax has a subject-verb-object word order which is nevertheless flexible and can be topicalized.

Subordinate clauses in Macedonian language are introduced using relativizers, which can be wh-question words or relative pronouns.

The most important Macedonian language preposition is ?? which can have local or motional meanings .

Macedonian language orthography is consistent and phonemic in practice, an approximation of the principle of one grapheme per phoneme.

In 1956 the Bulgarian government signed an agreement on mutual legal defense with Yugoslavia, where the Macedonian language is named as one of the languages to be used for legal purposes, together with Bulgarian, Serbo-Croatian and Slovenian.

Greek scientific and local community was opposed to using the denomination Macedonian to refer to the language in light of the Greek-Macedonian naming dispute.