29 Facts About Mansfield Amendment

Michael Joseph Mansfield Amendment was an American politician and diplomat.

Mansfield Amendment was the longest-serving Senate Majority Leader and served from 1961 to 1977.

Mansfield Amendment is the longest-serving American ambassador to Japan in history.

Mansfield Amendment was the son of Irish immigrants Patrick J Mansfield and Josephine Mansfield.

Mansfield Amendment's father struggled to support the family, having to work several different jobs, ranging from a construction worker, hotel porter, and maintenance man.

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Mansfield Amendment attended local public schools, and worked in his relatives' grocery store.

Mansfield Amendment turned into a habitual runaway, even living at a state orphanage in Twin Bridges for half a year.

Mansfield Amendment was a Private First Class in the US Marine Corps from 1920 to 1922.

Mansfield Amendment served in the Western Recruiting Division at San Francisco until January 1921, when he was transferred to the Marine Barracks at Puget Sound, Washington.

One year later, Mansfield Amendment was assigned to Company A, Marine Battery, Asiatic Fleet.

Mansfield Amendment was awarded the Good Conduct Medal, his character being described as "excellent" during his two years as a Marine.

Mansfield Amendment later met a local schoolteacher and his future wife, Maureen Hayes, who encouraged him to further his education.

Mansfield Amendment was a member of Alpha Tau Omega fraternity.

Mansfield Amendment earned his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1933 and was offered a graduate assistantship teaching two courses at the university.

Mansfield Amendment attended the University of California, Los Angeles from 1936 to 1937.

In 1940, Mansfield ran for the Democratic nomination for the House of Representatives in Montana's 1st congressional district but was defeated by Jerry J O'Connell, a former holder of the seat, in the primary.

Mansfield Amendment went to China on a special mission for US President Franklin D Roosevelt in 1944 and served as a delegate to the ninth Inter-American Conference in Colombia in 1948.

Mansfield Amendment opposed the House Un-American Activities Committee, the Taft–Hartley Act, and the Twenty-second Amendment.

In 1952, Mansfield Amendment was elected to the Senate after he had narrowly defeated the Republican incumbent, Zales Ecton.

Mansfield Amendment served as Senate Majority Whip under Majority Leader Lyndon B Johnson from 1957 to 1961.

In 1961, after Johnson resigned from the Senate to become Vice President, Mansfield Amendment was unanimously elected the Democratic floor leader and thus Senate Majority Leader.

An early supporter of Ngo Dinh Diem, Mansfield Amendment altered his opinion on the Vietnam War after a visit to Vietnam in 1962.

Mansfield Amendment was thus the first American official to comment even mildly negatively on the war's condition.

Mansfield Amendment hailed the new Richard Nixon administration, especially the "Nixon Doctrine" announced at Guam in 1969 that the US would honor all treaty commitments, provide a nuclear umbrella for its allies, and supply weapons and technical assistance to countries where warranted without committing American forces to local conflicts.

Two controversial amendments by Mansfield limiting military funding of research were passed by Congress.

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An earlier Mansfield Amendment, offered in 1971, called for the number of US troops stationed in Europe to be halved.

Mansfield Amendment retired from the Senate in 1976 and was appointed ambassador to Japan in April 1977 by Jimmy Carter, a role that he retained during the Reagan administration until 1988.

In 1977, Mansfield Amendment received the US Senator John Heinz Award for Greatest Public Service by an Elected or Appointed Official, an award given out annually by Jefferson Awards.

Mansfield Amendment was survived by his daughter, Anne Fairclough Mansfield, and one granddaughter.