48 Facts About Osage Nation

Osage Nation (Osage: ???? ???????????? (), "People of the Middle Waters") is a Midwestern Native American tribe of the Great Plains.

Term "Osage Nation" is a French version of the tribe's name, which can be roughly translated as "calm water".

The Osage Nation people refer to themselves in their indigenous Dhegihan Siouan language as ????????????, or "Mid-waters".

Osage Nation people believed they were an integral part of a broader universe.

Over time, the Osage Nation developed clan and kinship systems that mirrored the cosmos as they saw it.

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Osage Nation clans were typically named after elements of their world: animals, plants and weather phenomenon such as storms.

Osage Nation life was highly ritualized, where there were certain ceremonies would be performed utilizing bundles, ceremonial pipes which used tobacco as offerings to seek Wakonda's aid.

Osage Nation are descendants of cultures of indigenous peoples who had been in North America for thousands of years.

Some believe that the Osage Nation started migrating west as early as 1200 CE and are descendants of the Mississippian culture in the Ohio and Mississippi valleys.

Osage Nation held high rank among the old hunting tribes of the Great Plains.

The villages of the Osage Nation were important hubs in the Great Plains trading network served by Kaw people as intermediaries.

In 1673, French colonizers Jacques Marquette and Louis Jolliet were among the first Europeans the Osage Nation discovered trespassing in their territory after traveling southward from present-day Canada in their journey along the Mississippi River.

In 1724, the Osage Nation allied with the French rather than the Spanish in their fight for control of the Mississippi region.

The Osage Nation were pleased to have a fur trading post nearby, as it gave them access to manufactured goods and increased their prestige among the tribes.

The peoples confronted each other in the "Battle of Claremore Mound, " in which 38 Osage Nation warriors were killed and 104 were taken captive by the Cherokee and their allies.

In 1833, the Osage Nation clashed with the Kiowa near the Wichita Mountains in modern-day south-central Oklahoma, in an incident known as the Cutthroat Gap massacre.

The Osage Nation cut off the heads of their victims and arranged them in rows of brass cooking buckets.

In 1836, the Osage Nation prohibited the Kickapoo from entering their Missouri reservation, pushing them back to ceded lands in Illinois.

Lewis tried to control the Osage Nation by separating the friendly members from the hostile.

The U S and Osage signed their first treaty on November 10, 1808, by which the Osage made a major cession of land in present-day Missouri.

Between the first treaty with the U S and 1825, the Osage ceded their traditional lands across what are now Missouri, Arkansas, and Oklahoma in the treaties of 1818 and 1825.

The first Osage Nation reservation was a 50 by 150-mile strip.

The Osage Nation were attracted to their sense of mystery and ritual but felt the Catholics did not fully embrace the Osage Nation sense of the spiritual incarnate in nature.

The Osage Nation believed that the loyalty of Catholic priests, who stayed with them and died in the epidemic, created a special covenant between the tribe and the Catholic Church, but they did not convert in great number.

In 1843, the Osage Nation asked the federal government to send "Black Robes", Jesuit missionaries, to their reservation to educate their children; the Osage Nation considered the Jesuits better able to work with their culture than the Protestant missionaries.

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In 1855, the Osage Nation suffered another epidemic of smallpox, because a generation had grown up without getting vaccinated.

Osage Nation knew the Osage for their scouting expertise, excellent terrain knowledge, and military prowess.

Osage Nation established four towns: Pawhuska, Hominy, Fairfax, and Gray Horse.

The Osage Nation continued their relationship with the Catholic Church, which established schools operated by two orders of nuns, as well as mission churches.

In 1879, an Osage delegation went to Washington, D C, and gained agreement to have all their annuities paid in cash; they hoped to avoid being continually shortchanged in supplies, or by being given supplies of inferior quality - spoiled food and inappropriate goods.

Osage Nation wrote a constitution in 1881, modeling some parts of it after the United States Constitution.

In 2000 the Osage Nation sued the federal government over its management of the trust assets, alleging that it had failed to pay tribal members appropriate royalties, and had not historically protected the land assets and appreciation.

In 2016, the Osage nation bought Ted Turner's 43, 000-acre Bluestem ranch.

In 1906, as part of the Osage Allotment Act, the U S Congress created the Osage Tribal Council to handle affairs of the tribe.

The Osage Nation were unyielding in refusing to give up their lands and held up statehood for Oklahoma before signing an allotment act.

Under the act, initially each Osage Nation male had equal voting rights to elect members of the council, and the principal and assistant principal chiefs.

The Indian agent had been adding names of persons who were not approved by the tribe, and the Osage Nation submitted a list of more than 400 persons to be investigated.

But, the Osage Nation had negotiated keeping communal control of the mineral rights.

At the time, many Osage Nation did not understand the value of such contracts and often were taken advantage of by unscrupulous businessmen, con artists, and others trying to grab part of their wealth.

Alarmed about the way the Osage were using their wealth, in 1921 the U S Congress passed a law requiring any Osage of half or more Indian ancestry to be appointed a guardian until proving "competency".

Minors with less than half Osage Nation ancestry were required to have guardians appointed, even if their parents were living.

The Osage Nation Allotment Act did not entitle the Native Americans to autopsies, so many deaths went unexamined.

Osage Nation's had inherited the headrights of the rest of her family.

Killers of the Flower Moon: The Osage Murders and the Birth of the FBI by David Grann was a National Book Award finalist; a related major motion picture is in development.

The Osage Nation appealed to Congress for support to create their own government and membership rules.

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Today, the Osage Nation has 13, 307 enrolled tribal members, with 6, 747 living within the state of Oklahoma.

The current governing body of the Osage nation contains three separate branches; an executive, a judicial and a legislative.

The Osage Nation has an official website and uses a variety of communication media and technology.