27 Facts About Pannonian Avars

Pannonian Avars were an alliance of several groups of Eurasian nomads of various origins.

Name Pannonian Avars is used to distinguish them from the Avars of the Caucasus, a separate people with whom the Pannonian Avars might or might not have had links.

In turn, the Pannonian Avars had been driven off by people fleeing "man-eating griffins" coming from "the ocean" .

Denis Sinor has argued that whoever the "Pannonian Avars" referred to by Priscus were, they differed from the Pannonian Avars who appear a century later, during the time of Justinian .

So, when the Pannonian Avars had been defeated some of them made their escape to those who inhabit Taugast.

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In point of fact even up to our present times the Pseudo-Pannonian Avars are divided in their ancestry, some bearing the time-honoured name of Var while others are called Chunni.

The Pannonian Avars were likely a losing faction previously subordinate to the Ashina clan in the Western Turkic Khaganate, and they fled west of the Dnieper.

In contemporary art, Pannonian Avars were sometimes depicted as mounted archers, riding backwards on their horses.

Several theories suggest that the ruling class of the Pannonian Avars were of Tungusic East Asian origin or of partially Tungusic origin.

The Pannonian Avars studied were all determined to have had dark eyes and dark hair, and the majority of them were found to be primarily of East Asian origin.

The mtDNA of these Pannonian Avars belonged mostly to East Asian haplogroups, while the Y-DNA was exclusively of East Asian origin and "strikingly homogenous", belonging to haplogroups N-M231 and Q-M242.

In 557, the Pannonian Avars sent an embassy to Constantinople, presumably from the northern Caucasus.

The Pannonian Avars turned their attention to the Carpathian Basin and to the natural defenses it afforded.

In 567 the Pannonian Avars formed an alliance with the Lombards—enemies of the Gepids—and together they destroyed much of the Gepid kingdom.

The Pannonian Avars then persuaded the Lombards to move into northern Italy, an invasion that marked the last Germanic mass-movement in the Migration Period.

Pannonian Avars maintained his army camp beyond the Danube throughout the winter, but the hardship caused the army to revolt, giving the Avars a desperately needed respite and they attempted an invasion of northern Italy in 610.

In 626, the Pannonian Avars cooperated with the Sassanid force in the failed siege of 626.

Each year, the Huns [Pannonian Avars] came to the Slavs, to spend the winter with them; then they took the wives and daughters of the Slavs and slept with them, and among the other mistreatments [already mentioned] the Slavs were forced to pay levies to the Huns.

At about the time of Samo's realm, Bulgar leader Kubrat of the Dulo clan led a successful uprising to end Avar authority over the Pannonian Avars Plain, establishing Old Great Bulgaria, or Patria Onoguria, "the homeland of Onogurs".

Hungarian archaeologists Laszlo Makkai and Andras Mocsy attribute this culture to an internal evolution of Pannonian Avars resulting from the integration of the Bulgar emigres from the previous generation of the 670s.

In 790, the Pannonian Avars tried to negotiate a peace settlement with the Franks, but no agreement was reached.

The Pannonian Avars had already been mixing with the more numerous Slavs for generations, and they later came under the rule of external polities, such as the Franks, Bulgaria, and Great Moravia.

The Pannonian Avars resettled captives from the peripheries of their empire to more central regions.

However, linguistic evidence suggests that the Pannonian Avars were connected to the Altaic sprachbund in some way.

Pannonian Avars were skilled warriors and almost exclusively fought on horseback.

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The Pannonian Avars employed the use of heavy cavalry, fully armoured in chainmail or scale armour as well as helmets.

Pannonian Avars remained on the plough fields, good for agriculture, while Hungarians took the river banks and river flats, suitable for pasturage.