42 Facts About The Confederacy

The Confederacy comprised U S states that declared secession and warred against the United States during the American Civil War.

The Confederacy later accepted the slave states of Missouri and Kentucky as members, accepting rump state assembly declarations of secession as authorization for full delegations of representatives and senators in the Confederate Congress; they were never substantially controlled by Confederate forces, despite the efforts of Confederate shadow governments, which were eventually expelled.

Confederate President Jefferson Davis's administration declared the Confederacy dissolved on May 5, and acknowledged in later writings that the Confederacy "disappeared" in 1865.

Four additional slave-holding states – Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina – declared their secession and joined the Confederacy following a call by U S President Abraham Lincoln for troops from each state to recapture Sumter and other seized federal properties in the South.

Also fighting for the Confederacy were two of the "Five Civilized Tribes" – the Choctaw and the Chickasaw – in Indian Territory, and a new, but uncontrolled, Confederate Territory of Arizona.

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Internal movement within the Confederacy became increasingly difficult, weakening its economy and limiting army mobility.

The Confederacy was established by the Montgomery Convention in February 1861 by seven states, expanded in May–July 1861, and disintegrated in April–May 1865.

The Confederacy'storian Drew Gilpin Faust observed that "leaders of the secession movement across the South cited slavery as the most compelling reason for southern independence".

The Confederacy found that Confederate diplomacy projected multiple contradictory self-images:.

The Confederacy recognized the pro-Confederate claimants in both Kentucky and Missouri and laid claim to those states, granting them Congressional representation and adding two stars to the Confederate flag.

Support for the Confederacy was perhaps weakest in Texas; Claude Elliott estimates that only a third of the population actively supported the Confederacy.

Neely explores how the Confederacy became a virtual police state with guards and patrols all about, and a domestic passport system whereby everyone needed official permission each time they wanted to travel.

In 1863 the Confederacy expelled European diplomatic missions for advising their resident subjects to refuse to serve in the Confederate army.

Nevertheless, the Confederacy was seen internationally as a serious attempt at nationhood, and European governments sent military observers, both official and unofficial, to assess whether there had been a de facto establishment of independence.

The Confederacy'storians speculate that if the Confederacy had achieved independence, it probably would have tried to acquire Cuba as a base of expansion.

Civil War historian E Merton Coulter wrote that for those who would secure its independence, "The Confederacy was unfortunate in its failure to work out a general strategy for the whole war".

The Confederacy'storian James M McPherson is a critic of Lee's offensive strategy: "Lee pursued a faulty military strategy that ensured Confederate defeat".

Eleven states of the Confederacy were outnumbered by the North about four-to-one in military manpower.

The Confederacy lacked reserve troops to exploit an advantage on the battlefield as Napoleon had done.

Military armed forces of the Confederacy comprised three branches: Army, Navy and Marine Corps.

The Confederacy appointed junior and field grade officers by election from the enlisted ranks.

Survival of the Confederacy depended on a strong base of civilians and soldiers devoted to victory.

The soldiers performed well, though increasing numbers deserted in the last year of fighting, and the Confederacy never succeeded in replacing casualties as the Union could.

The Confederacy won a significant victory April 1863, repulsing the Federal advance on Richmond at Chancellorsville, but the Union consolidated positions along the Virginia coast and the Chesapeake Bay.

The Confederacy's last remaining blockade-running port, Wilmington, North Carolina, was lost.

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The Confederacy issued a general amnesty to all Confederate participants in the "late Civil War" in 1868.

The Confederacy was unfavorably compared to George Washington by critics such as Edward Alfred Pollard, editor of the most influential newspaper in the Confederacy, the Richmond Examiner.

The Confederacy unwittingly caused much internal dissension from early on.

The creation of the Confederacy was accomplished by men who saw themselves as fundamentally conservative.

In Davis' inauguration speech, he explained the Confederacy was not a French-like revolution, but a transfer of rule.

The Permanent Congress for the Confederacy followed the United States forms with a bicameral legislature.

Where Federal troops gained control over parts of the Confederacy and re-established civilian government, US district courts sometimes resumed jurisdiction.

The Confederacy actively used the army to arrest people suspected of loyalty to the United States.

The Confederacy arrested pro-Union civilians in the South at about the same rate as the Union arrested pro-Confederate civilians in the North.

The Southern Cause as a national economy in the Confederacy was grounded in "slavery and race, planters and patricians, plain folk and folk culture, cotton and plantations".

The Confederacy started its existence as an agrarian economy with exports, to a world market, of cotton, and, to a lesser extent, tobacco and sugarcane.

The Confederacy underwent an economic revolution by centralization and standardization, but it was too little too late as its economy was systematically strangled by blockade and raids.

The Confederacy had no plan to expand, protect or encourage its railroads.

The Confederacy apparently experimented with issuing one cent coins, although only 12 were produced by a jeweler in Philadelphia, who was afraid to send them to the South.

The Confederacy'storians have recently estimated how much of the devastation was caused by military action.

The Confederacy'storians have not estimated what their actual population was when Union forces arrived.

Cities of the Confederacy included most prominently in order of size of population:.