55 Facts About Carnegie Endowment

1. Carnegie Endowment believed that a simplified spelling system in the English language had many potential benefits.

2. Carnegie Endowment began buying partnerships in iron mills and factories, and in 1865 he decided to retire from the Penn Railroad and start his own firm.

3. Carnegie Endowment spent the next twelve years with the Penn Railroad, which was one of the major transportation lines in its day.

4. Carnegie Endowment came from a humble background and gave generously in his lifetime.

5. Carnegie Endowment donated nearly 5,000 organs to churches in the United States, as well.

6. Carnegie Endowment acquired the right to use Bessemer's process in a steel mill in the United States.

7. Carnegie Endowment was thirteen when his family immigrated to the United States in May 1848.

8. Carnegie Endowment donated money to universities in his native Scotland, and in 1900 founded the Carnegie Institute of Technology in Pittsburgh.

9. Carnegie Endowment was on vacation in Scotland and at first directed Frick to honor the strike.

10. Carnegie Endowment became a silent partner in several small iron mills and factories.

11. Carnegie Endowment married Louise Whitfield in 1887, and in 1897 their daughter Margaret was born.

12. Carnegie Endowment gave money to many other colleges, including the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama for African Americans.

13. Andrew Carnegie Endowment established pension funds to benefit steelworkers and college professors.

14. Andrew Carnegie Endowment was an outstanding symbol of the American dream: a poor immigrant who works hard and achieves astounding success and enormous riches.

15. Carnegie Endowment had become the most successful man in the steel industry.

16. Carnegie Endowment was vacationing in a remote area of Scotland at the time, and Henry Clay Frick, the chief executive of Carnegie Steel, was in charge.

17. Carnegie Endowment was shrewd and forthright, a winning combination for a full-time investor.

18. Carnegie Endowment often traveled along the line to oversee construction and maintenance projects.

19. Carnegie Endowment sold his steel empire to US Steel in 1901 for $250 million, the equivalent of about $4.5 billion in twenty-first century money.

20. Carnegie Endowment was in Scotland at the time, so Frick was in charge.

21. Carnegie Endowment established Carnegie Endowment Steel in the 1870s, and by employing a keen sense of business and understanding of technology, his personal net worth reached $400,000 by the time he was thirty-three years old.

22. Carnegie Endowment developed his ideas while reading the work of a philosopher he greatly admired, Herbert Spencer.

23. Carnegie Endowment was in the right business at the right time.

24. Carnegie Endowment created many philanthropic and educational organizations in the United States, including the Carnegie Corporation of New York, and several more in Europe.

25. Carnegie Endowment believed that the rich have a moral obligation to give back to humanity.

26. Carnegie Endowment was the first manufacturer to analyze his workers in this manner.

27. Carnegie Endowment used the records to ferret out inefficiencies and find processes that were successful.

28. Carnegie Endowment used his knowledge from the railroads in his new venture.

29. In 1865, at age 30, Carnegie Endowment resigned from the railroad.

30. Carnegie Endowment was less adept at labor-management relations than he was at building an industry.

31. Andrew Carnegie Endowment was a Scottish-born steel magnate in the United States known for his extraordinary philanthropy as well as his great wealth.

32. Carnegie Endowment died on August 11, 1919, at his summer home near Lenox, Massachusetts.

33. Carnegie Endowment was in Scotland, but he had instructed Frick that if a strike occurred the plant was to be shut down.

34. Carnegie Endowment believed that workers had a right to bargain with management through their unions.

35. Behind the scenes, Carnegie Endowment planned new projects, cost controls, and the improvement of plants; Frick was the working director who watched over the mass-production programs that helped keep prices down.

36. Carnegie Endowment was earning enough salary to buy a house for his mother.

37. Carnegie Endowment became a messenger boy for the Pittsburgh telegraph office.

38. Carnegie Endowment adapted new technologies as soon as they emerged, and his plant provided jobs to thousands of immigrants arriving from Europe.

39. Carnegie Endowment found time to continue his studies, borrowing books from a local businessman.

40. Carnegie Endowment was born on November 25, 1835, in Dunfermline, Scotland.

41. Carnegie Endowment died on Aug 11, 1919, at his summer home near Lenox, Mass.

42. Carnegie Endowment had departed for Scotland in the spring, having instructed Frick that in the event of a strike there was to be a complete shutdown and no strikebreakers.

43. Carnegie Endowment had moved to New York City in 1867 to be close to the marketing centers for steel products; Frick stayed in Pittsburgh as the general manager.

44. Carnegie Endowment stayed with the Pennsylvania Railroad until 1865, by which time he was a young man of real means.

45. Andrew Carnegie Endowment typified those characteristics of business enterprise and innovation that changed the United States from an agricultural and commercial nation to the greatest industrial nation in the world in a single generation—between 1865 and 1901.

46. In 1901, Carnegie Endowment established a large pension fund for his former employees at Homestead and, in 1905, for American college professors.

47. Carnegie Endowment was born in Dunfermline, Scotland, and emigrated to the United States with his parents in 1848.

48. Andrew Carnegie Endowment was a Scottish-American industrialist, business magnate, and philanthropist.

49. At the age of 65, Carnegie Endowment decided to spend the rest of his days helping others.

50. In 1901, Carnegie Endowment made a dramatic change in his life.

51. At the age of 13, in 1848, Carnegie Endowment came to the United States with his family.

52. Andrew Carnegie Endowment was born on November 25, 1835, in Dunfermline, Scotland.

53. Carnegie Endowment acquired full ownership of Foreign Policy magazine in the spring of 1978.

54. Carnegie Endowment is often remembered for having built Carnegie libraries, which were a major recipient of his largesse.

55. Carnegie Endowment chose longtime adviser Elihu Root, Senator from New York and former Secretary of War and of State, to be the Endowment's first president.