64 Facts About Eadward Muybridge

Eadweard Eadward Muybridge was an English photographer known for his pioneering work in photographic studies of motion, and early work in motion-picture projection.

In 1874, Eadward Muybridge shot and killed Major Harry Larkyns, his wife's lover, but was acquitted in a controversial jury trial, on the grounds of justifiable homicide.

Today, Eadward Muybridge is best known for his pioneering chronophotography of animal locomotion between 1878 and 1886, which used multiple cameras to capture the different positions in a stride, and for his zoopraxiscope, a device for projecting painted motion pictures from glass discs that pre-dated the flexible perforated film strip used in cinematography.

Eadward Muybridge'sfather was a grain and coal merchant, with business spaces on the ground floor of their house adjacent to the River Thames at No 30 High Street.

Eadward Muybridge'sgreat-grandparents were Robert Muggeridge and Hannah Charman, who owned a farm.

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Eadward Muybridge arrived in New Orleans in January 1855, and was registered there as a book agent by April.

Eadward Muybridge probably arrived in California around the autumn of 1855, when it had not yet been a state for more than five years.

Eadward Muybridge sold original landscape photography by Carleton Watkins, as well as photographic copies of paintings.

Edward's brother George Eadward Muybridge came to San Francisco in 1858 but died of tuberculosis soon after.

Eadward Muybridge was ejected from the vehicle and hit his head on a rock or other hard object.

Eadward Muybridge was treated at Fort Smith for three weeks before he went to a doctor in New York City.

Eadward Muybridge stayed with his mother in Kennington and later with his aunt while in England.

Eadward Muybridge later stated that he had become a photographer at the suggestion of Gull.

Eadward Muybridge may have taken up photography sometime between 1861 and 1866.

Eadward Muybridge returned to San Francisco on 13 February 1867 a changed man.

Eadward Muybridge converted a lightweight two-wheel, one-horse carriage into a portable darkroom to carry out his work, and with a logo on the back dubbed it "Helios' Flying Studio".

Eadward Muybridge constantly tinkered with his cameras and chemicals, trying to improve the sales appeal of his pictures.

An article published in 2017 and an expanded book document that Eadward Muybridge heavily edited and modified his photos, inserting clouds or the moon, even adding volcanos to his pictures for artistic effects.

Early in his new career, Muybridge was hired by Robert B Woodward to take extensive photos of his Woodward's Gardens, a combination amusement park, zoo, museum, and aquarium that had opened in San Francisco in 1866.

Eadward Muybridge took pictures of ruins after the 21 October 1868 Hayward earthquake.

From June to November 1867, Eadward Muybridge visited Yosemite Valley He took enormous safety risks to make his photographs, using a heavy view camera and stacks of glass plate negatives.

Eadward Muybridge's photographs showed the grandeur and expansiveness of the West; if human figures were portrayed, they were dwarfed by their surroundings, as in Chinese landscape paintings.

In comparing the styles of the two photographers, Watkins has been called "a classicist, making serene, stately pictures of a still, eternal world of beauty", while Eadward Muybridge was "a romantic who sought out the uncanny, the unsettling, the uncertain".

Regardless, Eadward Muybridge started to develop his own leading-edge innovations in photography, especially in the capturing of ever-faster motion.

In 1868, Eadward Muybridge was commissioned by the US government to travel to the newly acquired US territory of Alaska to photograph the Tlingit Native Americans, occasional Russian inhabitants, and dramatic landscapes.

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In 1873, Eadward Muybridge was commissioned by the US Army to photograph the "Modoc War" dispute with the Native American tribe in northern California and Oregon.

In 1873, Eadward Muybridge managed to use a single camera to shoot a small and very fuzzy picture of the racehorse Occident running, at Union Park racetrack in Sacramento.

Eadward Muybridge promised to study better solutions, but his work on higher-speed photography would take several years to develop, and was delayed by events in his personal life.

In July 1877, Eadward Muybridge made a new picture of Occident at full speed, with improved techniques and a much clearer result.

Eadward Muybridge allowed reporters to study the original negative, but as he and Stanford were planning a new project that would convince everyone, they saw no need to prove that this image was authentic.

In June 1878, Eadward Muybridge created sequential series of photographs, now with a battery of 12 cameras along the race track at Stanford's Palo Alto Stock Farm .

Daily Alta California reported that Eadward Muybridge first exhibited magic lantern projected slides of the photographs at the San Francisco Art Association on 8 July 1878.

In 1879, Eadward Muybridge continued with additional studies using 24 cameras, and published a very limited edition portfolio of the results.

Eadward Muybridge had images from his motion studies hand-copied in the form of silhouettes or line drawings onto a disc, to be viewed in the machine he had invented, which he called a "zoopraxiscope".

In 1878, Eadward Muybridge made a notable 13-part 360° photographic panorama of San Francisco.

Eadward Muybridge did not care for many of the amusements that she sought, so she went to the theatre and other attractions without him, and he seemed to be fine with that.

Eadward Muybridge was more of the type that would stay up all night to read classics.

Eadward Muybridge was used to leaving home by himself for days, weeks or even months, visiting faraway places for personal projects or assignments.

Eadward Muybridge intervened several times and believed the affair was over when he sent Flora to stay with a relative and Larkyns found a job at a mine near Calistoga, California.

In mid-October 1874, Eadward Muybridge learned how serious the relationship between his wife and Larkyns really was.

At her place, Eadward Muybridge came across a picture of Florado with "Harry" written on the back in Flora's handwriting, suggesting that she believed the child to be fathered by Larkyns.

Larkyns died that night, and Eadward Muybridge was arrested without protest and put in the Napa jail.

Shortly after his acquittal in February 1875, Eadward Muybridge left the United States on a previously planned 9-month photography trip to Central America, now acting as a "working exile".

In 1876, Eadward Muybridge had the boy moved from a Catholic orphanage to a Protestant one and paid for his care.

Eadward Muybridge often travelled to American cities as well as back to England and Europe to publicise his work.

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However, as a result of Eadward Muybridge not being credited in the book, the Royal Society of Arts withdrew an offer to fund his stop-motion studies in photography, and refused to publish a paper he had submitted, accusing him of plagiarism.

Eadward Muybridge filed a lawsuit against Stanford to gain credit, but it was delayed two years and then dismissed out of court.

In 1883, Eadward Muybridge gave a lecture at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, arranged by artist Thomas Eakins and University of Pennsylvania trustee Fairman Rogers.

Between 1883 and 1886, Eadward Muybridge made more than 100,000 images, working obsessively in a dedicated studio at the northeast corner of 36th and Pine streets in Philadelphia.

In 1884, Eakins briefly worked alongside Eadward Muybridge, to learn more about the application of photography to the study of human and animal motion.

Eakins later favoured the use of multiple exposures superimposed on a single photographic negative to study motion more precisely, while Eadward Muybridge continued to use multiple cameras to produce separate images which could be projected by his zoopraxiscope.

Eadward Muybridge produced sequences showing farm, industrial, construction, and household work, military manoeuvres, and everyday activities.

Toward the end of this period, Eadward Muybridge spent much of his time selecting and editing his photos in preparation for publication.

Eadward Muybridge's work contributed substantially to developments in the science of biomechanics and the mechanics of athletics.

Recent scholarship has noted that in his later work, Eadward Muybridge was influenced by, and in turn, influenced the French photographer Etienne-Jules Marey.

In 1881, Eadward Muybridge first visited Marey's studio in France and viewed stop-motion studies before returning to the US to further his own work in the same area.

At the Chicago World's Columbian Exposition of 1893, Eadward Muybridge presented a series of lectures on the "Science of Animal Locomotion" in the Zoopraxographical Hall, built specially for that purpose in the "Midway Plaisance" arm of the exposition.

Eadweard Eadward Muybridge returned to his native England in 1894 and continued to lecture extensively throughout Great Britain.

Eadward Muybridge died on 8 May 1904 in Kingston upon Thames of prostate cancer at the home of his cousin Catherine Smith.

Eadward Muybridge'sbody was cremated, and its ashes interred in a grave at Woking in Surrey.

Eadward Muybridge bequeathed a selection of his equipment to Kingston Museum in Greater London.

Philadelphia Museum of Art holds a large collection of Eadward Muybridge material, including hundreds of collotype prints, gelatin internegatives, glass plate positives, phenakistoscope cards, and camera equipment, totalling just under 800 objects.

From 10 April to 18 July 2010, the Corcoran Gallery of Art in Washington, DC, mounted a major retrospective of Eadward Muybridge's work entitled Helios: Eadweard Eadward Muybridge in a Time of Change.

Eadward Muybridge's influence extended to many artists and beyond, including efficiency expert Frank Gilbreth, entrepreneur Walt Disney, Nobel-Prize chemist Ahmed Zewail, and the International Society of Biomechanics.