24 Facts About Elizebeth Friedman

Elizebeth Smith Friedman was an American cryptanalyst and author who deciphered enemy codes in both World Wars and helped to solve international smuggling cases during Prohibition.

Elizebeth Friedman was born in Huntington, Indiana to John Marion Smith, a Quaker dairyman, banker, and politician, and Sophia Smith .

Elizebeth Friedman was the youngest of nine surviving children and was raised on a farm.

From 1911 to 1913, Elizebeth Friedman attended Wooster College in Ohio, but left when her mother became ill.

In 1913, Elizebeth Friedman transferred to Hillsdale College in Michigan, as it was closer to home.

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Elizebeth Friedman Smith began working at Riverbank Laboratories in Geneva, Illinois, in 1916.

Elizebeth Friedman was looking for a job and visited Chicago's Newberry Library, where she talked to a librarian who knew of Fabyan's interest.

The librarian called Fabyan, who appeared in his limousine and invited Elizebeth Friedman to spend a night at Riverbank, where they discussed what life would be like at Fabyan's great estate located in Geneva, Illinois.

Elizebeth Friedman told her that she would assist a Boston woman, Elizabeth Wells Gallup, and her sister with Gallup's attempt to prove Sir Francis Bacon had written Shakespeare's plays and sonnets.

The extent of sophistication posed little problem for Elizebeth Friedman; she mounted successful attacks against simple substitution and transposition ciphers, as well as the more complex ciphers which eventually came into use.

Elizebeth Friedman solved the bulk of intercepts collected by Coast Guard stations in San Francisco and Florida herself.

Elizebeth Friedman's work was responsible for providing decoded information that resulted in the conviction of the narcotics-smuggling Ezra Brothers.

In 1930, Elizebeth Friedman proposed creating a team of seven people to handle the increasing workload involved in decrypting messages.

Elizebeth Friedman's recruited and trained the analysts, and by the end of 1932, had developed the best radio intelligence team in the country.

Elizebeth Friedman's appeared as an expert witness in 33 cases and became famous as a result of newspaper and magazine articles about her.

Elizebeth Friedman's testified in cases in Galveston and Houston in Texas.

Canadian government sought Elizebeth Friedman's help in 1937 with an opium-smuggling gang, and she eventually testified in the trial of Gordon Lim and several other Chinese.

Elizebeth Friedman's successfully tracked him where every other law enforcement agency and intelligence agencies failed.

Elizebeth Friedman was irritated by the "sloppiness" of the FBI, for example in rounding up spies in South America, thus alerting the Nazis that their codes had been broken.

In 1944, Elizebeth Friedman helped convict Velvalee Dickinson for having attempted to send information to Japan.

Elizebeth Friedman belonged to civic organizations such as the League of Women Voters and worked on behalf of statehood for the District of Columbia.

In 1917, Friedman married William F Friedman, who later became a cryptographer credited with numerous contributions to cryptology, a field to which she introduced him.

Elizebeth Friedman's condition was deemed to be anxiety due to overwork on a top secret project.

Elizebeth Friedman's was cremated and her ashes spread over her husband's grave at Arlington National Cemetery.