25 Facts About Jena

Jena is a German city and the second largest city in Thuringia.

Jena was first mentioned in 1182 and stayed a small town until the 19th century, when industry developed.

For most of the 20th century, Jena was a world centre of the optical industry around companies like Carl Zeiss, Schott and Jenoptik .

Between 1790 and 1850, Jena was a focal point of the German Vormarz as well as of the student liberal and unification movement and German Romanticism.

Furthermore, Jena is a service hub for the surrounding regions.

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Around 1230, Jena received town rights and a regular city grid was established between today's Furstengraben, Lobdergraben, Teichgraben and Leutragraben.

Jena obtained the Gotha municipal law and the citizens strengthened their rights and wealth during the 14th and 15th centuries.

An important step in Jena's history was the foundation of the university in 1558.

List of the so-called "Seven Wonders of Jena" was composed by students of the university at this time, supposedly as a test of local knowledge in order to confirm that a person who claimed to have studied in Jena was actually familiar with the city.

In 1692, after two dukes, the dukes of Saxe-Jena died out and the duchy became part of Saxe-Eisenach and, in 1741, of the Duchy of Saxe-Weimar, to which it belonged until 1809.

From 1809 to 1918, Jena was part of the Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, which from 1871 was part of the German Empire.

Jena was occupied by American troops on 13 April 1945 and was left to the Red Army on 1 July 1945.

Jena fell within the Soviet zone of occupation in post-World War II Germany.

In 1953, Jena was a centre of the East German Uprising against GDR policy.

Jena has a humid continental climate or an oceanic climate according to the Koppen climate classification system.

The most important regions of origin of Jena migrants are rural areas of Thuringia, Saxony-Anhalt and Saxony as well as foreign countries like Poland, Russia, Ukraine, Hungary, Serbia, Romania and Bulgaria.

Today's Jena is not as compact as other cities in the region, and urban planning is still a challenge.

Jena is home to professional football club, FC Carl Zeiss Jena.

In women's football, FF USV Jena is a member of the 2.

Jena has the most market-listed companies and is one of the most important economic centres of east Germany.

Jena was awarded the title "Stadt der Wissenschaft" by the Stifterverband fur die Deutsche Wissenschaft, a German science association, in 2008.

Jena is a hub of public and private services, specially in education, research and business services.

Furthermore, Jena is a regional centre in infrastructure and retail with many shopping centres.

Jena has no central railway station with connection to all the lines at one point.

In 2013, according to a study by Kieler Institut fur Weltwirtschaft, Jena was ranked as the fifth-most livable city in Germany.

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