33 Facts About Johor

Johor has land borders with the Malaysian states of Pahang to the north and Malacca and Negeri Sembilan to the northwest.

Johor Bahru is the capital city and the economic centre of the state, Kota Iskandar is the seat of the state government, and Muar serves as the royal town of the state.

Johor has highly diverse tropical rainforests and an equatorial climate.

Johor is one of the main economic powerhouses in Malaysia and is currently among the top 4 contributors to the national gross domestic product, along with Selangor, Kuala Lumpur and Sarawak.

Johor is known by its Arabic honorific as or 'Abode of Dignity'.

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Johor became an empire spanning the southern Malay Peninsula, Riau Archipelago, Anambas Islands, Tambelan Archipelago, Natuna Islands, a region around the Sambas River in south-western Borneo and Siak in Sumatra together with allies of Pahang, Aru and Champa, and it aspired to retake Malacca from the Portuguese.

Johor regained authority over many of its former dependencies in Sumatra, such as Siak and Indragiri, which had fallen to Aceh while Malacca was taken by the Dutch.

In 1885, an Anglo-Johor Treaty was signed that formalised the close relations between the two, with the British given transit rights for trade through the sultanate territory and responsibility for its foreign relations, as well as providing protection to the latter.

Abu Bakar implemented a constitution known as the Undang-undang Tubuh Negeri Johor and organised his administration in a British style.

The town of Johor Bahru was officially recognised as a city on 1 January 1994.

Johor is a constitutional monarchy and was the first state in Malaysia to adopt the system via Undang-undang Tubuh Negeri Johor written by Sultan Abu Bakar in 1895.

The current Sultan of Johor is Ibrahim Ismail, who took over the throne on 23 January 2010.

The legislative branch of Johor's government is the Johor State Legislative Assembly, which is based on the Westminster system.

Johor was a sovereign state from 1948 until 1957 while the Federation of Malaya Agreement was in force, but its defence and external affairs were mainly under the control of Britain.

Johor is divided into ten districts, 103 mukims and 16 local governments.

The retention of the army was one of the stipulations in 1946 that Johor made when it participated in the Federation of Malaya.

Much of central Johor is covered with dense forest, where an extensive network of rivers originating from mountains and hills in the area spreads to the west, east and south.

Johor is located in a tropical region with an equatorial climate.

In 2003, three wetlands in southern Johor comprising Kukup Island, Pulai River and Tanjung Piai were designated as a Ramsar site.

The Pulai River became a seahorse sanctuary and hatchery as part of the state biodiversity masterplan, since Johor's waters are home to three of the eight seahorse species in Malaysia.

Johor's economy is mainly based on the tertiary sector, namely services, manufacturing, agriculture, construction etc.

Johor Corporation is a state-owned conglomerate involved in various business activities in the state and overseas.

Johor continues to have a high level of manufacturing investment.

In 2000, the largest industries in Johor were metal fabrication and machinery industries, accounting for 27.

Johor uses a dual carriageway with the left-hand traffic rule, and towns in the state provide public transportation services such as buses and taxis along with Grab services.

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Johor has four ports in Iskandar Puteri and Pasir Gudang, which operate under three different companies.

Johor has a considerable number of Malay and indigenous students enrolled in Chinese schools.

In 2018, it was reported that Johor was among several Malaysian states facing a teacher shortage, so the federal education ministry set up a special committee to study ways to tackle the problem.

The religious affiliation of Johor's population according to the 2010 Malaysian Census was 43.

Johor's culture has been influenced by different ethnicities throughout history, especially by the Arabs, Bugis and Javanese people, with the state becoming a mixture of different cultures among the Chinese, Indian, Malay and aboriginal people.

The ruler of Johor encouraged the Chinese community to plant gambier and pepper in the interior; many of these farmers switched to pineapple cultivation in the 20th century, making Johor one of Malaysia's top fruit producers.

Cuisine in Johor has been influenced by Arab, Buginese, Javanese, Malay, Chinese and Indian cultures.

Johor has established its own e-sports league and sets to become the second Malaysian state to introduce the sports in Sukma Games after Perak where the Johor Sports Council agreed to include the sports in the 2020 Sukma Games hosted by the state.