Laos), officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao: ?????????? ????????? ?????????, French: Republique democratique populaire lao), is a socialist state and the only landlocked country in Southeast Asia.
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Laos), officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao: ?????????? ????????? ?????????, French: Republique democratique populaire lao), is a socialist state and the only landlocked country in Southeast Asia.
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Laos became independent in 1953, with a constitutional monarchy under Sisavang Vong.
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Laos was then dependent on military and economic aid from the Soviet Union until its dissolution in 1991.
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Laos is a member of the Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement, the ASEAN, East Asia Summit, and La Francophonie.
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Laos applied for membership of the World Trade Organization in 1997; on 2 February 2013, it was granted full membership.
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Laos has been referred to as one of Southeast Asia and Pacific's fastest growing economies by the World Bank with annual GDP growth averaging 7.
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Between 1763 and 1769, Burmese armies overran northern Laos and annexed Luang Prabang, while Champasak eventually came under Siamese suzerainty.
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Laos encouraged a renaissance of Lao fine arts and literature and improved relations with Luang Phrabang.
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Laos produced tin, rubber, and coffee, but never accounted for more than one percent of French Indochina's exports.
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Under French rule, the Vietnamese were encouraged to migrate to Laos, which was seen by the French colonists as a rational solution to a labour shortage within the confines of an Indochina-wide colonial space.
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France remained in de facto control until 22 October 1953, when Laos gained full independence as a constitutional monarchy.
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In 1960, amidst a series of rebellions in the Kingdom of Laos, fighting broke out between the Royal Lao Army and the communist North Vietnamese and Soviet Union-backed Pathet Lao guerillas.
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Laos was a key part of the Vietnam War since parts of Laos were invaded and occupied by North Vietnam since 1958 for use as a supply route for its war against South Vietnam.
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Laos later died under suspicious circumstances in a re-education camp.
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Laos was requested in 1979 by Vietnam to end relations with the People's Republic of China, leading to isolation in trade by China, the United States, and other countries.
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Laos is the only landlocked country in Southeast Asia, and it lies mostly between latitudes 14° and 23°N, and longitudes 100° and 108°E.
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Laos can be considered to consist of three geographical areas: north, central, and south.
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Laos had a 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 5.
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Laos is divided into 17 provinces and one prefecture (kampheng nakhon), which includes the capital city Vientiane (Nakhon Louang Viangchan).
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Laos has been General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, a position making him the de facto leader of Laos, since January 2021.
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Laos was admitted into the Association of Southeast Asian Nations in July 1997 and acceded to the World Trade Organization in 2016.
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Lending further support to earlier claims that the government of Laos was persecuting the Hmong, filmmaker Rebecca Sommer documented first-hand accounts in her documentary, Hunted Like Animals, and in a comprehensive report that includes summaries of refugee claims and was submitted to the UN in May 2006.
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Ostensibly, the Constitution of Laos that was promulgated in 1991 and amended in 2003 contains most key safeguards for human rights.
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For example, Article 8 makes it clear that Laos is a multinational state and is committed to equality between ethnic groups.
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On 25 September 2009, Laos ratified the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, nine years after signing the treaty.
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Human rights advocates including Vang Pobzeb, Kerry and Kay Danes, and others have raised concerns about human rights violations, torture, the arrest and detention of political prisoners as well as the detention of foreign prisoners in Laos including at the infamous Phonthong Prison in Vientiane.
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In 2009, despite the fact that the government is still officially communist, the Obama administration in the US declared Laos was no longer a Marxist–Leninist state and lifted bans on Laotian companies receiving financing from the US Export-Import Bank.
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Laos is rich in mineral resources and imports petroleum and gas.
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The mining industry of Laos has received prominent attention with foreign direct investments.
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In 2019, the UN Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights conducted an official visit to Laos and found that the country's top-down approach to economic growth and poverty alleviation "is all too often counterproductive, leading to impoverishment and jeopardising the rights of the poor and marginalised.
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Mountainous geography of Laos had impeded Laos's ground transportation development throughout the 20th century.
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Laos has made particularly noteworthy progress increasing access to sanitation.
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Laos's progress is notable in comparison to similar developing countries.
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The authorities in Laos have recently developed an innovative regulatory framework for public–private partnership contracts signed with small enterprises, in parallel with more conventional regulation of state-owned water enterprises.
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Laos has the youngest population of any country in Asia with a median age of 21.
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People of Laos are often categorised by their distribution by elevation: as this somewhat correlates with ethnic groupings.
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Laos is a member of the French-speaking organisation of La Francophonie.
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French is used in public works in central and southern Laos and Luang Prabang and is a language of diplomacy and of the elite classes, higher professions and elders.
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Laos was ranked 117th in the Global Innovation Index in 2021 down from 113rd in 2020.
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In September 2017, Laos submitted Dearest Sister, Mattie Do's second feature film, to the 90th Academy Awards (or the Oscars) for consideration for Best Foreign Language Film, marking the country's first submission for the Oscars.
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Laos has nine daily newspapers, 90 magazines, 43 radio stations, and 32 TV stations operating throughout the country.
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