15 Facts About Livonia

Livonia is a historical region on the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea.

Livonia, as understood after the retreat of Denmark in 1346, bordered on the Gulf of Finland in the north, Lake Peipus and Russia to the east, and Lithuania to the south.

Indigenous inhabitants of Livonia were various Finnic tribes in the north and Baltic tribes in the south.

Livonia ordered the construction of a cathedral and became the first Prince-Bishop of Livonia.

Livonia negotiated a continued peace with Muscovy and spoke to the burghers of Reval city.

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Livonia offered them goods to submit to him as well as threatening them.

Livonia would try to obtain more land in Livonia and to dominate Denmark.

Livonia used the next two years of truce to get in a better position.

Eight years later, in 1569, when the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland formed the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Livonia became a joint domain administered directly by the king and grand duke.

Livonia came to an agreement with John III in 1580 giving him the titles in Livonia.

In 1578, Magnus of Livonia recognized the sovereignty of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth .

In 1578, Magnus of Livonia retired to The Bishopric of Courland and his brother all but gave up the land in Livonia.

The area, usually known as Swedish Livonia, became a very important Swedish dominion, with Riga being the second largest Swedish city and Livonia paying for one third of the Swedish war costs.

Livonia remained within the Russian Empire until the end of World War I, when it was split between the newly independent states of Latvia and Estonia.

In independent Latvia between the World Wars, southern Livonia became an administrative region under the traditional Latvian name Vidzeme, encompassing the then much larger counties of Riga, Cesis, Valmiera, and Valka.