Baltic Sea is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that is enclosed by Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden and the North and Central European Plain.
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Geographers widely agree that the preferred physical border of the Baltic Sea is a line drawn through the southern Danish islands, Drogden-Sill and Langeland.
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Baltic Sea might have been influenced by the name of a legendary island mentioned in the Natural History of Pliny the Elder.
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Baltic Sea was known in ancient Latin language sources as Mare Suebicum or even Mare Germanicum.
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Russia's Peter the Great saw the strategic importance of the Baltic Sea and decided to found his new capital, Saint Petersburg, at the mouth of the Neva river at the east end of the Gulf of Finland.
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In 1945, the Baltic Sea became a mass grave for retreating soldiers and refugees on torpedoed troop transports.
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The Baltic Sea then separated opposing military blocs: NATO and the Warsaw Pact.
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Since May 2004, with the accession of the Baltic states and Poland, the Baltic Sea has been almost entirely surrounded by countries of the European Union .
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An arm of the North Atlantic Ocean, the Baltic Sea is enclosed by Sweden and Denmark to the west, Finland to the northeast, and the Baltic countries to the southeast.
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Baltic Sea is one of the largest brackish inland seas by area, and occupies a basin formed by glacial erosion during the last few ice ages.
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Northern part of the Baltic Sea is known as the Gulf of Bothnia, of which the northernmost part is the Bay of Bothnia or Bothnian Bay.
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Since 1720, the Baltic Sea has frozen over entirely 20 times, most recently in early 1987, which was the most severe winter in Scandinavia since 1720.
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Only two other brackish waters are larger according to some measurements: The Black Baltic Sea is larger in both surface area and water volume, but most of it is located outside the continental shelf .
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The Caspian Baltic Sea is larger in water volume, but—despite its name—it is a lake rather than a sea.
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The water surplus caused by the continuous inflow of rivers and streams to the Baltic Sea means that there generally is a flow of brackish water out through the Danish Straits to the Kattegat .
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Baltic Sea somewhat resembles a riverbed, with two tributaries, the Gulf of Finland and Gulf of Bothnia.
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Geological surveys show that before the Pleistocene, instead of the Baltic Sea, there was a wide plain around a great river that paleontologists call the Eridanos.
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Fauna of the Baltic Sea is a mixture of marine and freshwater species.
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Since the Baltic Sea is so young there are only two or three known endemic species: the brown alga Fucus radicans and the flounder Platichthys solemdali.
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Cetaceans in the Baltic Sea are monitored by the countries bordering the sea and data compiled by various intergovernmental bodies, such as ASCOBANS.
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Plans to artificially oxygenate areas of the Baltic Sea that have experienced eutrophication have been proposed by the University of Gothenburg and Inocean AB.
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The Baltic Sea is the main trade route for the export of Russian petroleum.
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The Convention covers the whole of the Baltic Sea area, including inland waters and the water of the sea itself, as well as the seabed.
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