Punjab region grew out of the settlements along the five rivers, which served as an important route to the Near East as early as the ancient Indus Valley civilization, dating back to 3000 BCE, and had numerous migrations by the Indo-Aryan peoples.
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The Punjab emerged as an important agricultural region, especially following the Green Revolution during the mid-1960s to the mid-1970s, and has been described as the "breadbasket of both India and Pakistan.
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Boundaries of the region are ill-defined and focus on historical accounts and thus the geographical definition of the term "Punjab" has changed over time.
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In British India, until the Partition of India in 1947, the Punjab Province encompassed the present-day Indian states and union territories of Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Chandigarh, and Delhi, and the Pakistani regions of Punjab, and Islamabad Capital Territory.
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Predominant ethnolinguistic group of the Punjab region is the Punjabi people, who speak the Indo-Aryan Punjabi language.
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The rise of kingdoms and dynasties in the Punjab region is chronicled in the ancient Hindu epics, particularly the Mahabharata.
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Punjab region's kingdom spanned between rivers Hydaspes and Acesines (Chenab); Strabo had held the territory to contain almost 300 cities.
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Punjab region had a hostile relationship with the Kingdom of Taxila which was ruled by his extended family.
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Punjab region was a Khokhar chieftain who travelled to Samarkand and profited from the contacts he made with the Timurid society Later on, Delhi Sultanate, weakened by invasion of Emir Timur, could not control all regions of the Empire and different local kingdoms appeared.
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Punjab region conquered Delhi for a brief period in 1431 but was driven out by Mubarak Shah.
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British Raj had major political, cultural, philosophical, and literary consequences in the Punjab region, including the establishment of a new system of education.
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The Punjab region bore the brunt of the civil unrest following partition, with casualties estimated to be in the millions.
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In British India, until the Partition of India in 1947, the Punjab region Province was geographically a triangular tract of country of which the Indus River and its tributary the Sutlej formed the two sides up to their confluence, the base of the triangle in the north being the Lower Himalayan Range between those two rivers.
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In 1901 the frontier districts beyond the Indus were separated from Punjab region and made into a new province: the North-West Frontier Province.
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Subsequently, Punjab region was divided into four natural geographical divisions by colonial officials on the decadal census data:.
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Punjab region state contains the holy Sikh cities of Amritsar, Anandpur Sahib, Tarn Taran Sahib, Fatehgarh Sahib and Chamkaur Sahib.
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The Indian state of Punjab region is currently the 16th richest state or the eighth richest large state of India.
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Alternatively, Punjab region is adding to the economy with the increase in employment of Punjab region youth in the private sector.
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