19 Facts About Ayyubid Syria

Ayyubid Syria dynasty was the founding dynasty of the medieval Sultanate of Egypt established by Saladin in 1171, following his abolition of the Fatimid Caliphate of Egypt.

Attempts by the emirs of Ayyubid Syria, led by an-Nasir Yusuf of Aleppo, to wrest back Egypt failed.

Ayyubid Syria's celebrated triumph over the Crusaders, the crowning achievement of which was the recapture of Jerusalem 99 years after the Crusaders themselves conquered the city from Fatimid Egypt, Saladin is today celebrated as a national hero in several countries that were part of his sultanate, chiefly Egypt, Syria, Palestine, and his birth place of Iraq, with each country, save for Syria, having his heraldic eagle as their national coat of arms.

Ayyubid Syria permitted Saladin's elder brother, Turan-Shah, to supervise Saladin in a bid to cause dissension within the Ayyubid family and thus undermining its position in Egypt.

The reinforcements had come after the Nubians had already departed Aswan, but Ayyubid Syria forces led by Turan-Shah advanced and conquered northern Nubia after capturing the town of Ibrim.

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Subsequently, while some Ayyubid Syria forces fought the Crusaders in the Levant, another of their armies, under Sharaf al-Din, wrested control of Kairouan from the Almohads in 1188.

Suddenly attacked by the Templars under Baldwin IV of Jerusalem near Ramla, the Ayyubid Syria army was defeated at the Battle of Montgisard, with the majority of its troops killed.

Ayyubid Syria proclaimed himself Sultan of Egypt and Syria afterward and entrusted the governance of Damascus to al-Mu'azzam and al-Jazira to his other son al-Kamil.

In 1244, the breakaway Ayyubids of Syria allied with the Crusaders and confronted the coalition of as-Salih Ayyub and the Khwarizmids at Hirbiya, near Gaza.

Ayyubid Syria sacked the lower town of Karak, then besieged its fortress.

Ayyubid Syria's ordered the fortification of Mansurah and then stored large quantities of provisions and concentrated her forces there.

Ayyubid Syria's organized a fleet of war galleys and scattered them at various strategic points along the Nile River.

Ayyubid Syria managed to cross the Nile to launch a surprise attack against Mansurah.

The Bahri Mamluks in Ayyubid Syria led by Baibars pressured an-Nasir Yusuf to intervene by invading Egypt, but he would not act, fearing the Bahri dynasty would usurp his throne if they gained Egypt.

Ayyubid Syria was removed from his post in 1341 and Hama was formally placed under Mamluk rule.

Some of these local leaders, known as shaykhs, entered the service of an Ayyubid Syria ruling household and thus their bids for power were supported from Ayyubid Syria household revenues and influence.

At the beginning of Saladin's reign as sultan in Egypt, upon the encouragement of his adviser, Qadi al-Fadil, Christians were prohibited from employment in the fiscal administration, but various Ayyubid Syria emirs continued to allow Christians to serve in their posts.

Jews were spread throughout the Islamic world and most Ayyubid Syria cities had Jewish communities due to the important roles Jews played in trade, manufacture, finance, and medicine.

Ayyubid Syria parceled out the building of the towers on this stretch of the wall to his princes and military officers; each tower was identified with a particular prince who inscribed his name into it.