45 Facts About Cologne

City's medieval Catholic Cologne Cathedral, the third-tallest church and tallest cathedral in the world, constructed to house the Shrine of the Three Kings, is a globally recognized landmark and one of the most visited sights and pilgrimage destinations in Europe.

Cologne functioned as the capital of the Roman province of and as the headquarters of the Roman military in the region until occupied by the Franks in 462.

Cologne was a free imperial city of the Holy Roman Empire and one of the major members of the trade union Hanseatic League.

Cologne is a major cultural center for the Rhineland; it hosts more than 30 museums and hundreds of galleries.

Cologne Bonn Airport is a regional hub, the main airport for the region being Dusseldorf Airport.

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From 260 to 271, Cologne was the capital of the Gallic Empire under Postumus, Marius, and Victorinus.

Cunibert, made bishop of Cologne in 623, was an important advisor to the merovingian King Dagobert I and served with domesticus Pepin of Landen as tutor to the king's son and heir Siegebert III, the future king of Austrasia.

Cologne had been the seat of a bishop since the Roman period; under Charlemagne, in 795, bishop Hildebold was promoted to archbishop.

In 953, the archbishops of Cologne first gained noteworthy secular power when bishop Bruno was appointed as duke by his brother Otto I, King of Germany.

Cologne was a member of the Hanseatic League in 1475, when Frederick III confirmed the city's imperial immediacy.

Cologne was so influential in regional commerce, that its systems of weights and measurements were used throughout Europe.

Economic structures of medieval and early modern Cologne were characterised by the city's status as a major harbour and transport hub on the Rhine.

Free Imperial City of Cologne must not be confused with the Electorate of Cologne which was a state of its own within the Holy Roman Empire.

Cologne lost its status as a free city during the French period.

Cologne was part of the French Departement Roer with Aachen (French: Aix-la-Chapelle) as its capital.

In 1815 at the Congress of Vienna, Cologne was made part of the Kingdom of Prussia, first in the Julich-Cleves-Berg province and then the Rhine province.

Cologne was designated as one of the Fortresses of the German Confederation.

Cologne was occupied by the British Army of the Rhine until 1926, under the terms of the Armistice and the subsequent Versailles Peace Treaty.

Cologne competed to host the Olympics, and a modern sports stadium was erected at Mungersdorf.

Cologne was under the command of Lieutenant-General Freiherr Roeder von Diersburg, who was responsible for military operations in Bonn, Siegburg, Aachen, Julich, Duren, and Monschau.

Cologne was home to the 211th Infantry Regiment and the 26th Artillery Regiment.

Cologne was taken by the American First Army in early March 1945 during the Invasion of Germany after a battle.

Cologne is divided into 9 boroughs and 85 districts (Stadtteile):.

Cologne is regularly affected by flooding from the Rhine and is considered the most flood-prone European city.

Cologne is the fourth-largest city in Germany after Berlin, Hamburg and Munich.

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Cologne is home to 80, 000 people of Turkish origin and is the second largest German city with Turkish population after Berlin.

Cologne has a Little Istanbul in Keupstraße that has many Turkish restaurants and markets.

These dialects are spoken in the area covered by the Archdiocese and former Electorate of Cologne reaching from Neuss in the north to just south of Bonn, west to Duren and east to Olpe in the North-West of Germany.

Cologne has one of the oldest and largest Jewish communities in Germany.

Presence of animals in Cologne is generally limited to insects, small rodents, and several species of birds.

Cologne has more than 60 music venues and the third-highest density of music venues of Germany's four largest cities, after Munich and Hamburg and ahead of Berlin.

Cologne was an important hotbed for electronic music in the 1950s and again from the 1990s onward.

The main literary figure connected with Cologne is the writer Heinrich Boll, winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature.

Cologne is famous for Eau de Cologne, a perfume created by Italian expatriate Johann Maria Farina at the beginning of the 18th century.

Cologne decided to use the house number given to the factory at Glockengasse during the French occupation in the early 19th century, 4711.

Cologne carnival is one of the largest street festivals in Europe.

People in Cologne prefer Kolsch while people in Dusseldorf prefer Altbier.

In competition with Dusseldorf, the economy of Cologne is primarily based on insurance and media industries, while the city is an important cultural and research centre and home to a number of corporate headquarters.

The largest employer in Cologne is Ford Europe, which has its European headquarters and a factory in Niehl.

Cologne has become the first German city with a population of more than a million people to declare climate emergency.

In 1965, Cologne became the first German city to be fully encircled by a motorway ring road.

Cologne Stadtbahn operated by Kolner Verkehrsbetriebe is an extensive light rail system that is partially underground and serves Cologne and a number of neighbouring cities.

Cologne is headquarters to the European Aviation Safety Agency.

Cologne is home to numerous universities and colleges, and host to some 72, 000 students.

Cologne has a long tradition in rowing, being home of some of Germany's oldest regatta courses and boat clubs, such as the Kolner Rudergesellschaft 1891 in the Rodenkirchen district.

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