73 Facts About Berlin

Berlin is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population.

One of Germany's sixteen constituent states, Berlin is surrounded by the State of Brandenburg and contiguous with Potsdam, Brandenburg's capital.

East Berlin was declared capital of East Germany, while Bonn became the West German capital.

Berlin is a world city of culture, politics, media and science.

Berlin serves as a continental hub for air and rail traffic and has a highly complex public transportation network.

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Since the 2000s Berlin has seen the emergence of a cosmopolitan entrepreneurial scene.

Berlin has numerous museums, galleries, libraries, orchestras, and sporting events.

Berlin-Colln had to give up its status as a free Hanseatic city.

Berlin became the capital of the new Kingdom, replacing Konigsberg.

Under the rule of Frederick II, Berlin became a center of the Enlightenment, but, was briefly occupied during the Seven Years' War by the Russian army.

In 1920, the Greater Berlin Act incorporated dozens of suburban cities, villages, and estates around Berlin into an expanded city.

The Berlin airlift, conducted by the three western Allies, overcame this blockade by supplying food and other supplies to the city from June 1948 to May 1949.

West Berlin officially remained an occupied city, but it politically was aligned with the Federal Republic of Germany despite West Berlin's geographic isolation.

Airline service to West Berlin was granted only to American, British and French airlines.

West Berlin was surrounded by East German territory, and East Germany proclaimed the Eastern part as its capital, a move the western powers did not recognize.

West Berlin was now de facto a part of West Germany with a unique legal status, while East Berlin was de facto a part of East Germany.

Berlin is in northeastern Germany, in an area of low-lying marshy woodlands with a mainly flat topography, part of the vast Northern European Plain which stretches all the way from northern France to western Russia.

Substantial parts of present-day Berlin extend onto the low plateaus on both sides of the Spree Valley.

Berlin has an oceanic climate ; the eastern part of the city has a slight continental influence, one of the changes being the annual rainfall according to the air masses and the greater abundance during a period of the year.

Furthermore, Berlin is classified as a temperate continental climate under the Trewartha climate scheme, as well as the suburbs of New York City, although the Koppen system puts them in different types.

Berlin's history has left the city with a polycentric organization and a highly eclectic array of architecture and buildings.

Berlin was devastated by air raids, fires, and street battles during the Second World War, and many of the buildings that had survived in both East and West were demolished during the postwar period.

Berlin has five of the top 50 tallest buildings in Germany.

Funkturm Berlin is a 150-meter-tall lattice radio tower in the fairground area, built between 1924 and 1926.

Berlin is the most populous city proper in the European Union.

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The Greater Berlin Act in 1920 incorporated many suburbs and surrounding cities of Berlin.

Active immigration and asylum politics in West Berlin triggered waves of immigration in the 1960s and 1970s.

Boroughs of Berlin with a significant number of migrants or foreign born population are Mitte, Neukolln and Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg.

Berlin is the seat of the Roman Catholic archbishop of Berlin and EKBO's elected chairperson is titled the bishop of EKBO.

Furthermore, Berlin is the seat of many Orthodox cathedrals, such as the Cathedral of St Boris the Baptist, one of the two seats of the Bulgarian Orthodox Diocese of Western and Central Europe, and the Resurrection of Christ Cathedral of the Diocese of Berlin .

Berlin has more than 80 mosques, ten synagogues, and two Buddhist temples.

Since reunification on 3 October 1990, Berlin has been one of the three city states in Germany among the present 16 states of Germany.

East Berlin's partnerships were canceled at the time of German reunification but later partially reestablished.

West Berlin's partnerships had previously been restricted to the borough level.

Berlin participates in international city associations such as the Union of the Capitals of the European Union, Eurocities, Network of European Cities of Culture, Metropolis, Summit Conference of the World's Major Cities, and Conference of the World's Capital Cities.

Berlin is the seat of the German Chancellor, housed in the Chancellery building, the Bundeskanzleramt.

Important economic sectors in Berlin include life sciences, transportation, information and communication technologies, media and music, advertising and design, biotechnology, environmental services, construction, e-commerce, retail, hotel business, and medical engineering.

For several years Berlin has been recognized as a major center of business founders.

In 2015, Berlin generated the most venture capital for young startup companies in Europe.

The Pharmaceuticals division of Bayer and Berlin Chemie are major pharmaceutical companies in the city.

Tourism figures have more than doubled within the last ten years and Berlin has become the third-most-visited city destination in Europe.

Messe Berlin is the main convention organizing company in the city.

Several large-scale trade fairs like the consumer electronics trade fair IFA, the ILA Berlin Air Show, the Berlin Fashion Week, the Green Week, the Fruit Logistica, the transport fair InnoTrans, the tourism fair ITB and the adult entertainment and erotic fair Venus are held annually in the city, attracting a significant number of business visitors.

Berlin is an important centre in the European and German film industry.

Berlin is the central location to several international and regional television and radio stations.

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Berlin has Germany's largest number of daily newspapers, with numerous local broadsheets, and three major tabloids, as well as national dailies of varying sizes, each with a different political affiliation, such as Die Welt, Neues Deutschland, and Die Tageszeitung.

Berlin is the headquarter of major German-language publishing houses like Walter de Gruyter, Springer, the Ullstein Verlagsgruppe, Suhrkamp, and Cornelsen are all based in Berlin.

In 2019, Berlin has the best future prospects of all cities in Germany, according to HWWI and Berenberg Bank.

Berlin is connected to the Elbe and Oder rivers via the Spree and the Havel rivers.

Public transportation in Berlin has a long and complicated history because of the 20th-century division of the city, where movement between the two halves was not served.

Until 2008, Berlin was served by the smaller Tempelhof Airport, which functioned as a city airport, with a convenient location near the city center, allowing for quick transit times between the central business district and the airport.

Berlin is well known for its highly developed bicycle lane system.

From 1865 until 1976, Berlin had an extensive pneumatic postal network, which at its peak in 1940, totaled 400 kilometers in length.

Berlin has a long history of discoveries in medicine and innovations in medical technology.

Berlin has installed several hundred free public Wireless LAN sites across the capital since 2016.

Berlin has a special bilingual school program in the, in which children are taught the curriculum in German and a foreign language, starting in primary school and continuing in high school.

Franzosisches Gymnasium Berlin, which was founded in 1689 to teach the children of Huguenot refugees, offers instruction.

Berlin is one of the knowledge and innovation communities of the European Institute of Innovation and Technology .

The KIC is based at the Center for Entrepreneurship at TU Berlin and has a focus in the development of IT industries.

Berlin is known for its numerous cultural institutions, many of which enjoy international reputation.

In 2005, Berlin was named "City of Design" by UNESCO and has been part of the Creative Cities Network ever since.

Berlin today is consistently rated as an important world city for street art culture.

Berlin has galleries which are quite rich in contemporary art.

Berlin's nightlife has been celebrated as one of the most diverse and vibrant of its kind.

Berlin has a long history of gay culture, and is an important birthplace of the LGBT rights movement.

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The annual Berlin Festival focuses on indie rock, electronic music and synthpop and is part of the International Berlin Music Week.

Berlin has three major opera houses: the Deutsche Oper, the Berlin State Opera, and the Komische Oper.

Berlin is well known for its offerings of vegetarian and vegan cuisine and is home to an innovative entrepreneurial food scene promoting cosmopolitan flavors, local and sustainable ingredients, pop-up street food markets, supper clubs, as well as food festivals, such as Berlin Food Week.

Berlin is home to a diverse gastronomy scene reflecting the immigrant history of the city.

Berlin is well known for its numerous cafes, street musicians, beach bars along the Spree River, flea markets, boutique shops and pop up stores, which are a source for recreation and leisure.

Berlin has established a high-profile as a host city of major international sporting events.

In 2015 Berlin became the venue for the UEFA Champions League Final.

The city of Berlin operates more than 60 public indoor and outdoor swimming pools.