Hindi, or more precisely Modern Standard Hindi (Devanagari:, ISO: ), is an Indo-Aryan language spoken chiefly in the Hindi Belt region encompassing parts of northern, central, eastern, and western India.
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26 Facts About Hindi language
2.
Outside India, several other languages are recognised officially as "Hindi" but do not refer to the Standard Hindi language described here and instead descend from other dialects, such as Awadhi and Bhojpuri.
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3.
Apart from the script and formal vocabulary, standard Hindi language is mutually intelligible with standard Urdu, another recognised register of Hindustani as both share a common colloquial base.
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4.
Term Hindi language originally was used to refer to inhabitants of the Indo-Gangetic Plain.
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5.
Early Hindi language literature came about in the 12th and 13th centuries CE.
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6.
John Gilchrist was principally known for his study of the Hindustani Hindi language, which was adopted as the lingua franca of northern India by British colonists and indigenous people.
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7.
Hindi language is known for his role in the foundation of University College London and for endowing the Gilchrist Educational Trust.
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8.
On 14 September 1949, the Constituent Assembly of India adopted Hindi written in the Devanagari script as the official language of the Republic of India replacing Urdu's previous usage in British India.
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9.
Article 344 stipulates that the official language commission shall be constituted every ten years to recommend steps for progressive use of Hindi language and imposing restrictions on the use of the English language by the union government.
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10.
At the state level, Hindi is the official language of the following Indian states: Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Mizoram, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand.
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11.
Similarly, Hindi is accorded the status of official language in the following Union Territories: Delhi, Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu.
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13.
In 2021, in a Narcotics Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act case involving Gangam Sudhir Kumar Reddy, the Bombay High Court claimed Hindi is the national language while refusing Reddy bail, after he argued against his statutory rights being read in Hindi, despite being a native Telugu speaker.
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14.
In Northeast India a pidgin known as Haflong Hindi has developed as a lingua franca for the people living in Haflong, Assam who speak other languages natively.
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16.
Apart from this, Hindi language is spoken by the large Indian diaspora which hails from, or has its origin from the "Hindi language Belt" of India.
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17.
However, Hindi language is written in the Devanagari script and contains more Sanskrit-derived words than Urdu, whereas Urdu is written in the Perso-Arabic script and uses more Arabic and Persian loanwords compared to Hindi language.
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18.
Unlike Sanskrit, Devanagari is not entirely phonetic for Hindi language, especially failing to mark schwa deletion in spoken Standard Hindi language.
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19.
Traditionally, Hindi language words are divided into five principal categories according to their etymology:.
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20.
Hindi language makes extensive use of loan translation and occasionally phono-semantic matching of English.
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21.
Hindi language has naturally inherited a large portion of its vocabulary from Sauraseni Prakrt, in the form of tadbhava words.
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22.
Much of Modern Standard Hindi language's vocabulary is borrowed from Sanskrit as tatsam borrowings, especially in technical and academic fields.
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23.
Hindi language literature is broadly divided into four prominent forms or styles, being Bhakti; Srngar (beauty – Keshav, Bihari); Vigatha (epic); and Adhunik (modern).
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24.
Medieval Hindi language literature is marked by the influence of Bhakti movement and the composition of long, epic poems.
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25.
Literary, or Sahityik, Hindi language was popularised by the writings of Swami Dayananda Saraswati, Bhartendu Harishchandra and others.
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26.
Uttar Adhunik is the post-modernist period of Hindi literature, marked by a questioning of early trends that copied the West as well as the excessive ornamentation of the Chayavadi movement, and by a return to simple language and natural themes.
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