62 Facts About Sakyamuni Buddha

The Sakyamuni Buddha thereafter wandered through the lower Gangetic plain, teaching and building a monastic order.

Sakyamuni Buddha taught a Middle Way between sensual indulgence and severe asceticism, a training of the mind that included ethical training and meditative practices such as effort, mindfulness, and jhana.

The Sakyamuni Buddha has since been venerated by numerous religions and communities across Asia.

Pali Canon contains numerous other titles and epithets for the Sakyamuni Buddha, including: All-seeing, All-transcending sage, Bull among men, The Caravan leader, Dispeller of darkness, The Eye, Foremost of charioteers, Foremost of those who can cross, King of the Dharma, Kinsman of the Sun, Helper of the World, Lion, Lord of the Dhamma, Of excellent wisdom, Radiant One, Torchbearer of mankind, Unsurpassed doctor and surgeon, Victor in battle, and Wielder of power.

Indeed, according to the Buddhist tradition, following the Nidanakatha, the introductory to the Jataka tales, the stories of the former lives of the Sakyamuni Buddha, Gautama was born in Lumbini.

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Apart from the Vedic Brahmins, the Sakyamuni Buddha's lifetime coincided with the flourishing of influential sramana schools of thought like Ajivika, Carvaka, Jainism, and Ajnana.

Indeed, Sariputra and Moggallana, two of the foremost disciples of the Sakyamuni Buddha, were formerly the foremost disciples of Sanjaya Belatthaputta, the sceptic; and the Pali canon frequently depicts Sakyamuni Buddha engaging in debate with the adherents of rival schools of thought.

The Dharmaguptaka biography of the Sakyamuni Buddha is the most exhaustive, and is entitled the Abhiniskramana Sutra, and various Chinese translations of this date between the 3rd and 6th century CE.

The earliest Buddhist sources state that the Sakyamuni Buddha was born to an aristocratic Kshatriya family called Gotama, who were part of the Shakyas, a tribe of rice-farmers living near the modern border of India and Nepal.

Sakyamuni Buddha's father Suddhodana was "an elected chief of the Shakya clan", whose capital was Kapilavastu, and who were later annexed by the growing Kingdom of Kosala during the Buddha's lifetime.

Day of the Sakyamuni Buddha's birth is widely celebrated in Theravada countries as Vesak.

Sakyamuni Buddha's Birthday is called Sakyamuni Buddha Purnima in Nepal, Bangladesh, and India as he is believed to have been born on a full moon day.

Kondanna, the youngest, and later to be the first arhat other than the Sakyamuni Buddha, was reputed to be the only one who unequivocally predicted that Siddhartha would become a Sakyamuni Buddha.

Sakyamuni Buddha traveled to the river Anomiya, and cut off his hair.

The title indicates that unlike most people who are "asleep", a Sakyamuni Buddha is understood as having "woken up" to the true nature of reality and sees the world 'as it is'.

However the Sakyamuni Buddha is unfazed and calls on the earth as witness to his superiority by touching the ground before entering meditation.

The Sakyamuni Buddha proclaimed that he had achieved full awakening, but Upaka was not convinced and "took a different path".

MN 26 and MA 204 continue with the Sakyamuni Buddha reaching the Deer Park near Varanasi, where he met the group of five ascetics and was able to convince them that he had indeed reached full awakening.

The Sakyamuni Buddha then continued to teach the other ascetics and they formed the first : the company of Buddhist monks.

Various sources such as the Mahavastu, the Mahakhandhaka of the Theravada Vinaya and the Catusparisat-sutra mention that the Sakyamuni Buddha taught them his second discourse, about the characteristic of "not-self", at this time or five days later.

Sakyamuni Buddha's sangha enjoyed the patronage of the kings of Kosala and Magadha and he thus spent a lot of time in their respective capitals, Savatthi and Rajagaha.

Sakyamuni Buddha's sangha continued to grow during his initial travels in north India.

Sakyamuni Buddha is said to have gifted Jeta's grove to the sangha at great expense.

The Sakyamuni Buddha is eventually convinced by Ananda to grant ordination to Mahaprajapati on her acceptance of eight conditions called gurudharmas which focus on the relationship between the new order of nuns and the monks.

Strong, after the first 20 years of his teaching career, the Sakyamuni Buddha seems to have slowly settled in Sravasti, the capital of the Kingdom of Kosala, spending most of his later years in this city.

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The Sakyamuni Buddha responds by saying that the Vajjikas can be expected to prosper as long as they do seven things, and he then applies these seven principles to the Buddhist Sangha, showing that he is concerned about its future welfare.

The Mahaparinibbana depicts the Sakyamuni Buddha as experiencing illness during the last months of his life but initially recovering.

Bhikkhu and von Hinuber argue that the Sakyamuni Buddha died of mesenteric infarction, a symptom of old age, rather than food poisoning.

The Theravada tradition generally believes that the Sakyamuni Buddha was offered some kind of pork, while the Mahayana tradition believes that the Sakyamuni Buddha consumed some sort of truffle or other mushroom.

Sakyamuni Buddha then repeated his final instructions to the sangha, which was that the Dhamma and Vinaya was to be their teacher after his death.

Sakyamuni Buddha then entered his final meditation and died, reaching what is known as parinirvana.

Sakyamuni Buddha's body was then cremated and the remains, including his bones, were kept as relics and they were distributed among various north Indian kingdoms like Magadha, Shakya and Koliya.

Karma is not the only cause for one's conditions, as the Sakyamuni Buddha listed various physical and environmental causes alongside karma.

The Sakyamuni Buddha's teaching of karma differed to that of the Jains and Brahmins, in that on his view, karma is primarily mental intention.

Philosopher Mark Siderits has outlined the basic idea of the Sakyamuni Buddha's teaching of Dependent Origination of dukkha as follows:.

The Sakyamuni Buddha instead held that all things in the world of our experience are transient and that there is no unchanging part to a person.

Sakyamuni Buddha saw the belief in a self as arising from our grasping at and identifying with the various changing phenomena, as well as from ignorance about how things really are.

Furthermore, the Sakyamuni Buddha held that we experience suffering because we hold on to erroneous self views.

Sakyamuni Buddha taught a path of training to undo the samyojana, kleshas and asavas and attain vimutti.

Common presentation of the core structure of Sakyamuni Buddha's teaching found in the early texts is that of the Four Noble Truths, which refers to the Noble Eightfold Path.

In various texts, the Sakyamuni Buddha is depicted as having studied under two named teachers, Alara Kalama and Uddaka Ramaputta.

Sakyamuni Buddha posits that the Fourth Noble Truths, the Eightfold path and Dependent Origination, which are commonly seen as essential to Buddhism, are later formulations which form part of the explanatory framework of this "liberating insight".

Early Buddhist texts depict the Sakyamuni Buddha as promoting the life of a homeless and celibate "sramana", or mendicant, as the ideal way of life for the practice of the path.

Sakyamuni Buddha taught that mendicants or "beggars" were supposed to give up all possessions and to own just a begging bowl and three robes.

For example, in Samyutta Nikaya 111, Majjhima Nikaya 92 and Vinaya i 246 of the Pali Canon, the Sakyamuni Buddha praises the Agnihotra as the foremost sacrifice and the Gayatri mantra as the foremost meter.

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Sakyamuni Buddha did not see the Brahmanical rites and practices as useful for spiritual advancement.

Sakyamuni Buddha especially critiqued animal sacrifice as taught in Vedas.

Sakyamuni Buddha critiqued the Brahmins' claims of superior birth and the idea that different castes and bloodlines were inherently pure or impure, noble or ignoble.

The Sakyamuni Buddha's teaching then is a single universal moral law, one Dharma valid for everybody, which is opposed to the Brahmanic ethic founded on "one's own duty" which depends on caste.

Early texts depict the Sakyamuni Buddha as giving a deflationary account of the importance of politics to human life.

Sakyamuni Buddha taught them to "hold regular and frequent assemblies", live in harmony and maintain their traditions.

The Sakyamuni Buddha then goes on to promote a similar kind of republican style of government among the Buddhist Sangha, where all monks had equal rights to attend open meetings and there would be no single leader, since The Sakyamuni Buddha chose not to appoint one.

Some scholars have argued that this fact signals that the Sakyamuni Buddha preferred a republican form of government, while others disagree with this position.

Digha Nikaya 2 describes how king Ajatashatru is unable to tell which of the monks is the Sakyamuni Buddha when approaching the sangha and must ask his minister to point him out.

Likewise, in MN 140, a mendicant who sees himself as a follower of the Sakyamuni Buddha meets the Sakyamuni Buddha in person but is unable to recognize him.

Sakyamuni Buddha is described as being handsome and with a clear complexion, at least in his youth.

Many Hindus claim that Sakyamuni Buddha was Hindu and cite a belief that the Sakyamuni Buddha is the ninth avatar of Vishnu in support.

Islamic prophet Dhu al-Kifl has been identified with the Sakyamuni Buddha based on Surah 95:1 of the Qur'an, which references a fig tree – a symbol that does not feature prominently in the lives of any of the other prophets mentioned in the Qur'an.

Sakyamuni Buddha is regarded as a prophet by the minority Ahmadiyya sect.

In Sikhism, Sakyamuni Buddha is mentioned as the 23rd avatar of Vishnu in the Chaubis Avtar, a composition in Dasam Granth traditionally and historically attributed to Guru Gobind Singh.

Iconic representations of the Sakyamuni Buddha became particularly popular and widespread after the first century CE.

Royal Couple Visits the Sakyamuni Buddha, from railing of the Bharhut Stupa, Shunga dynasty, early 2nd century BC.