46 Facts About Tughlaq dynasty

Tughlaq dynasty, referred to as Tughluq or Tughluk dynasty, was a Muslim dynasty of Indo-Turkic origin which ruled over the Delhi sultanate in medieval India.

Ancestry of the Tughlaq dynasty is debated among modern historians because the earlier sources provide different information regarding it.

Peter Jackson suggested that Tughlaq dynasty was of Mongol stock and a follower of the Mongol chief Alaghu.

Qara'unas were Mongols or associated with Mongol armies, whom Tughlaq dynasty despised, and it is unlikely that Tughlaq dynasty was a Qara'una.

Tughlaq dynasty Nama declares Tughlaq dynasty to have been a minor chief of humble origins.

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Tughlaq dynasty was of mixed Turko-Indian origins; his mother was a Jatt noble and his father was likely descended from Indian Turkic slaves.

Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq rewarded all those maliks, amirs and officials of Khalji dynasty who had rendered him a service and helped him come to power.

Tughlaq dynasty punished those who had rendered service to Khusro Khan, his predecessor.

Tughlaq dynasty lowered the tax rate on Muslims that was prevalent during Khalji dynasty, but raised the taxes on Hindus, wrote his court historian Ziauddin Barani, so that they might not be blinded by wealth or afford to become rebellious.

Tughlaq dynasty built a city six kilometers east of Delhi, with a fort considered more defensible against the Mongol attacks, and called it Tughlakabad.

Four months later, Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq dynasty sent large army reinforcements for his son asking him to attempt plundering Arangal and Tilang again.

Historic documents state that the Sufi preacher and Ulugh Khan had learnt through messengers that Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq dynasty had resolved to remove them from Delhi upon his return.

One official historian of Tughlaq dynasty court gives an alternate fleeting account of his death, as caused by a lightning bolt strike on the kushk.

Tughlaq dynasty attacked and plundered Malwa, Gujarat, Mahratta, Tilang, Kampila, Dhur-samundar, Mabar, Lakhnauti, Chittagong, Sunarganw and Tirhut.

Tughlaq dynasty raised taxes to levels where people refused to pay any.

Tughlaq dynasty routinely executed Sayyids, Sufis, Qalandars, and other Muslim officials.

Muhammad bin Tughlaq dynasty chose the city of Deogiri in present-day Indian state of Maharashtra, as the second administrative capital of the Dehli Sultanate.

Tughlaq dynasty ordered a forced migration of the Muslim population of Dehli, including his royal family, the nobles, Syeds, Sheikhs and 'Ulema to settle in Daulatabad.

Tughlaq dynasty saw their role as propagandists who would adapt Islamic religious symbolism to the rhetoric of empire, and that the Sufis could by persuasion bring many of the inhabitants of the Deccan to become Muslim.

Revolts against Muhammad bin Tughlaq dynasty began in 1327, continued over his reign, and over time the geographical reach of the Sultanate shrunk particularly after 1335.

Muhammad bin Tughlaq dynasty did not have the resources or support to respond to the shrinking kingdom.

Muhammad bin Tughlaq dynasty was an intellectual, with extensive knowledge of Quran, Fiqh, poetry and other fields.

Tughlaq dynasty was deeply suspicious of his kinsmen and wazirs, extremely severe with his opponents, and took decisions that caused economic upheaval.

Ziauddin Barni, a historian in Muhammad bin Tughlaq dynasty's court, wrote that the houses of Hindus became a coin mint and people in Hindustan provinces produced fake copper coins worth crores to pay the tribute, taxes and jizya imposed on them.

The economic experiments of Muhammad bin Tughlaq dynasty resulted in a collapsed economy, and nearly a decade long famine followed that killed numerous people in the countryside.

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Tughlaq dynasty introduced token coinage of brass and copper to augment the silver coinage which only led to increasing ease of forgery and loss to the treasury.

Muhammad bin Tughlaq dynasty planned an attack on Khurasan and Irak as well as China to bring these regions under Sunni Islam.

Ibn Battuta noted in his memoir that Muhammad bin Tughlaq dynasty paid his army, judges, court advisors, wazirs, governors, district officials and others in his service by awarding them the right to force collect taxes on Hindu villages, keep a portion and transfer rest to his treasury.

Some state Tughlaq dynasty tried to enforce orthodox Islamic observance and practice, promote jihad in South Asia as al-Mujahid fi sabilillah under the influence of Ibn Taymiyyah of Syria.

Firoz Shah Tughlaq dynasty tried to regain the old kingdom boundary by waging a war with Bengal for 11 months in 1359.

Firuz Shah Tughlaq dynasty was somewhat weak militarily, mainly because of inept leadership in the army.

Shams-i Siraj 'Afif, his court historian, recorded Firoz Shah Tughlaq dynasty burning a Hindu Brahmin alive for converting Muslim women to infidelity.

Tughlaq dynasty vastly expanded the number of slaves in his service and those of amirs.

Firoz Shah Tughlaq dynasty reign was marked by reduction in extreme forms of torture, eliminating favours to select parts of society, but an increased intolerance and persecution of targeted groups.

Tughlaq dynasty undertook many infrastructure projects including an irrigation canal connecting Yamuna-Ghaggar and Yamuna-Sutlej rivers, bridges, madrasas, mosques and other Islamic buildings.

Firuz Shah Tughlaq dynasty is credited with patronizing Indo-Islamic architecture, including the installation of lats near mosques.

Firoz Shah Tughlaq dynasty's death created anarchy and disintegration of kingdom.

Tughlaq dynasty persuaded the Sultan to name his great-grandson as his heir.

Lowest point for the Tughlaq dynasty came in 1398, when Turco-Mongol invader, Timur defeated four armies of the Sultanate.

Muhammad bin Tughlaq dynasty responded by giving Ibn Battuta with a welcoming gift of 2,000 silver dinars, a furnished house and the job of a judge with an annual salary of 5,000 silver dinars that Ibn Battuta had the right to keep by collecting taxes from two and a half Hindu villages near Delhi.

Tughlaq dynasty noted the seven-year famine from 1335 AD, which killed thousands upon thousands of people near Delhi, while the Sultan was busy attacking rebellions.

Tughlaq dynasty punished small faults and great, without respect of persons, whether men of learning, piety or high station.

Ibn Battuta records that Muhammad Tughlaq dynasty sent along with his emissaries, both slave boys and slave girls as gifts to other countries such as China.

Tughlaq dynasty experienced many revolts by Muslim nobility, particularly during Muhammad bin Tughlaq but during other rulers such as Firoz Shah Tughlaq.

Tughlaq dynasty then attempted to force collect the amount deploying his coterie of Muslim amirs, but failed.

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The Tughlaq dynasty power continued to decline until they were finally overthrown by their former governor of Multhan, Khizr Khan.