50 Facts About Czech Republic

Czech Republic, known as Czechia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe.

Czech Republic'storically known as Bohemia, it is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the southeast.

Czech Republic is a unitary parliamentary republic and developed country with an advanced, high-income social market economy.

The Czech Republic is a member of NATO, the European Union, OECD, OSCE, and the Council of Europe.

The Czech Republic joined NATO on 12 March 1999 and the European Union on 1 May 2004.

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Phytogeographically, the Czech Republic belongs to the Central European province of the Circumboreal Region, within the Boreal Kingdom.

Three historical lands of the Czech Republic correspond with the river basins of the Elbe and the Vltava basin for Bohemia, the Morava one for Moravia, and the Oder river basin for Czech Silesia .

Czech Republic has a temperate climate, situated in the transition zone between the oceanic and continental climate types, with warm summers and cold, cloudy and snowy winters.

The wettest area in the Czech Republic is found around Bily Potok in Jizera Mountains and the driest region is the Louny District to the northwest of Prague.

The Czech Republic has four National Parks and 25 Protected Landscape Areas.

From 1993 until 2012, the President of the Czech Republic was selected by a joint session of the parliament for a five-year term, with no more than two consecutive terms .

Some commentators have argued that, with the introduction of direct election of the President, the Czech Republic has moved away from the parliamentary system and towards a semi-presidential one.

Czech Republic is a unitary state, with a civil law system based on the continental type, rooted in Germanic legal culture.

Czech Republic has ranked as one of the safest or most peaceful countries for the past few decades.

The embassies of most countries with diplomatic relations with the Czech Republic are located in Prague, while consulates are located across the country.

Czech Republic has ties with Slovakia, Poland and Hungary as a member of the Visegrad Group, as well as with Germany, Israel, the United States and the European Union and its members.

Currently, as a member of NATO, the Czech Republic military are participating in the Resolute Support and KFOR operations and have soldiers in Afghanistan, Mali, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Egypt, Israel and Somalia.

The main equipment of the Czech Republic military includes JAS 39 Gripen multi-role fighters, Aero L-159 Alca combat aircraft, Mi-35 attack helicopters, armored vehicles and tanks .

Since 2000, the Czech Republic has been divided into thirteen regions and the capital city of Prague.

Czech Republic has a developed, high-income export-oriented social market economy based in services, manufacturing and innovation, that maintains a welfare state and the European social model.

The Czech Republic participates in the European Single Market as a member of the European Union and is therefore a part of the economy of the European Union, but uses its own currency, the Czech koruna, instead of the euro.

The Czech Republic has a diverse economy that ranks 7th in the 2016 Economic Complexity Index.

In 2018 the largest companies by revenue in the Czech Republic were: automobile manufacturer Skoda Auto, utility company CEZ Group, conglomerate Agrofert, energy trading company EPH, oil processing company Unipetrol, electronics manufacturer Foxconn CZ and steel producer Moravia Steel.

The Czech Republic is the world's largest vinyl records manufacturer, with GZ Media producing about 6 million pieces annually in Lodenice.

Czech Republic is reducing its dependence on highly polluting low-grade brown coal as a source of energy.

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In total, the Czech Republic has 91 airports, six of which provide international air services.

Czech Republic lands have a long and well-documented history of scientific innovation.

Today, the Czech Republic has a highly sophisticated, developed, high-performing, innovation-oriented scientific community supported by the government, industry, and leading Czech Universities.

Czech Republic scientists are embedded members of the global scientific community.

The Czech Republic was ranked 24th in the Global Innovation Index in 2020 and 2021, up from 26th in 2019.

Similarly, the Czech Republic lands have a well-established history of scientists, including Nobel laureates biochemists Gerty and Carl Ferdinand Cori, chemist Jaroslav Heyrovsky, chemist Otto Wichterle, physicist Peter Grunberg and chemist Antonin Holy.

Increasingly, Czech Republic scientists publish their work and that of their history in English.

The Czech Republic people have been historically characterized as "tolerant and even indifferent towards religion".

Education in the Czech Republic is compulsory for nine years and citizens have access to a free-tuition university education, while the average number of years of education is 13.

Additionally, the Czech Republic has a "relatively equal" educational system in comparison with other countries in Europe.

Czech Republic is known for Art Nouveau posters and his cycle of 20 large canvases named the Slav Epic, which depicts the history of Czechs and other Slavs As of 2012, the Slav Epic can be seen in the Veletrzni Palace of the National Gallery in Prague, which manages the largest collection of art in the Czech Republic.

Czech Republic is known for its individually made, mouth-blown, and decorated Bohemian glass.

Since the Middle Ages, the Czech Republic lands have been using the same architectural styles as most of Western and Central Europe.

Bohemia contributed an unusual style to the world's architectural heritage when Czech Republic architects attempted to transpose the Cubism of painting and sculpture into architecture.

Czech Republic is not shying away from the more modern trends of international architecture, an example is the Dancing House in Prague, Golden Angel in Prague or Congress Centre in Zlin.

Literature from the area of today's Czech Republic was mostly written in Czech, but in Latin and German or even Old Church Slavonic.

Musical tradition of the Czech Republic lands arose from the first church hymns, whose first evidence is suggested at the break of the 10th and 11th centuries.

Tradition of Czech Republic cinematography started in the second half of the 1890s.

Czech Republic is a self-labeled surrealist known for animations and features.

The Czech Republic press was ranked as the 40th most free press in the World Freedom Index by Reporters Without Borders in 2021.

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Czech Republic cuisine is marked by an emphasis on meat dishes with pork, beef, and chicken.

Czech Republic desserts include a variety of whipped cream, chocolate, and fruit pastries and tarts, crepes, creme desserts and cheese, poppy-seed-filled and other types of traditional cakes such as buchty, kolace and strudl.

Czech Republic beer has a history extending more than a millennium; the earliest known brewery existed in 993.

Today the Czech Republic has the highest beer consumption per capita in the world.

For hikers, thanks to the more than 120-year-old tradition, there is a Czech Republic Hiking Markers System of trail blazing, that has been adopted by countries worldwide.