48 Facts About Esperanto

Esperanto is the world's most widely spoken constructed international auxiliary language.

Esperanto is the most successful constructed international auxiliary language, and the only such language with a sizeable population of native speakers, of which there are perhaps several thousand.

Esperanto then bought many dozens of them and gave them out to relatives, friends, just anyone he could, to support that magnificent idea for he felt that this would be a common bond to promote relationships with fellow men in the world.

Zamenhof proposed to the first congress that an independent body of linguistic scholars should steward the future evolution of Esperanto, foreshadowing the founding of the Akademio de Esperanto, which was established soon thereafter.

Esperanto was among the founders of the Croatian, of which he was the first secretary, and organized Esperanto institutions in Zagreb.

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In Imperial Japan, the left wing of the Japanese Esperanto movement was forbidden, but its leaders were careful enough not to give the impression to the government that the Esperantists were socialist revolutionaries, which proved a successful strategy.

Fascist Italy allowed the use of Esperanto, finding its phonology similar to that of Italian and publishing some tourist material in the language.

However, Esperanto is still not one of the official languages of the UN.

Esperanto has not been a secondary official language of any recognized country, but it entered the education systems of several countries, such as Hungary and China.

Esperanto is the working language of several non-profit international organizations such as the, a left-wing cultural association which had 724 members in over 85 countries in 2006.

The largest of these, the Universal Esperanto Association, has an official consultative relationship with the United Nations and UNESCO, which recognized Esperanto as a medium for international understanding in 1954.

The Universal Esperanto Association collaborated in 2017 with UNESCO to deliver an Esperanto translation of its magazine UNESCO Courier .

Esperanto was the first language of teaching and administration of the International Academy of Sciences San Marino.

League of Nations made attempts to promote teaching Esperanto in member countries, but the resolutions were defeated mainly by French delegates, who did not feel there was a need for it.

Paul Wexler proposes that Esperanto is relexified Yiddish, which he claims is in turn a relexified Slavic language, though this model is not accepted by mainstream academics.

Esperanto has been described as "a language lexically predominantly Romanic, morphologically intensively agglutinative, and to a certain degree isolating in character".

Typologically, Esperanto has prepositions and a pragmatic word order that by default is subject–verb–object .

Esperanto typically has 22 to 24 consonants, five vowels, and two semivowels that combine with the vowels to form six diphthongs.

Esperanto has the five vowels found in such languages as Spanish, Modern Hebrew, and Modern Greek.

Esperanto alphabet is based on the Latin script, using a one-sound-one-letter principle, with the exception of [dz].

Zamenhof, the inventor of Esperanto, created an "h-convention", which replaces c, g, h, j, s, and u with ch, gh, hh, jh, sh, and u, respectively.

Esperanto words are mostly derived by stringing together roots, grammatical endings, and at times prefixes and suffixes.

Esperanto speakers learn the language through self-directed study, online tutorials, and correspondence courses taught by volunteers.

Esperanto instruction is rarely available at schools, including four primary schools in a pilot project under the supervision of the University of Manchester, and by one count at a few universities.

Conversational Esperanto, The International Language, is a free drop-in class that is open to Stanford students and the general public on campus during the academic year.

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Esperanto-USA suggests that Esperanto can be learned in, at most, one quarter of the amount of time required for other languages.

From 2006 to 2011, four primary schools in Britain, with 230 pupils, followed a course in "propaedeutic Esperanto"—that is, instruction in Esperanto to raise language awareness, and to accelerate subsequent learning of foreign languages—under the supervision of the University of Manchester.

Esperanto is by far the most widely spoken constructed language in the world.

Esperanto is particularly prevalent in the northern and central countries of Europe; in China, Korea, Japan, and Iran within Asia; in Brazil, Argentina, and Mexico in the Americas; and in Togo in Africa.

Esperanto concludes that Esperanto tends to be more popular in rich countries with widespread Internet access and a tendency to contribute more to science and culture.

An estimate of the number of Esperanto speakers was made by Sidney S Culbert, a retired psychology professor at the University of Washington and a longtime Esperantist, who tracked down and tested Esperanto speakers in sample areas in dozens of countries over a period of twenty years.

Finnish linguist Jouko Lindstedt, an expert on native-born Esperanto speakers, presented the following scheme to show the overall proportions of language capabilities within the Esperanto community:.

Esperanto wrote original Esperanto text for his for unaccompanied SATB choir .

Humphrey Tonkin of the University of Hartford, argue that Esperanto is "culturally neutral by design, as it was intended to be a facilitator between cultures, not to be the carrier of any one national culture".

Finally, Mexican film director Alfonso Cuaron has publicly shown his fascination for Esperanto, going as far as naming his film production company Esperanto Filmoj .

Message in Esperanto was recorded and included in Voyager 1s Golden Record.

Esperanto was to serve as an international auxiliary language, that is, as a universal second language, not to replace ethnic languages.

Later, Esperanto speakers began to see the language and the culture that had grown up around it as ends in themselves, even if Esperanto is never adopted by the United Nations or other international organizations.

Those who focus on the intrinsic value of the language are commonly called, from Rauma, Finland, where a declaration on the short-term improbability of the and the value of Esperanto culture was made at the International Youth Congress in 1980.

However the "Manifesto de Raumo" clearly mentions the intention to further spread the language: "We want to spread Esperanto to put into effect its positive values more and more, step by step".

The most popular of these is the Europe–Democracy–Esperanto, which aims to establish Esperanto as the official language of the European Union.

The report considered a scenario where Esperanto would be the lingua franca, and found that it would have many advantages, particularly economically speaking, as well as ideologically.

At the request of 'Abdu'l-Baha, Agnes Baldwin Alexander became an early advocate of Esperanto and used it to spread the Baha'i teachings at meetings and conferences in Japan.

Esperanto then became actively promoted by spiritists, at least in Brazil, initially by Ismael Gomes Braga and Frantisek Lorenz; the latter is known in Brazil as Francisco Valdomiro Lorenz, and was a pioneer of both spiritist and Esperantist movements in this country.

Ayatollah Khomeini of Iran called on Muslims to learn Esperanto and praised its use as a medium for better understanding among peoples of different religious backgrounds.

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For example, there has been criticism that Esperanto is not neutral enough, but that it should convey a specific culture, which would make it less neutral; that Esperanto does not draw on a wide enough selection of the world's languages, but that it should be more narrowly European.

Esperanto alphabet uses two diacritics: the circumflex and the breve.

One common criticism is that Esperanto has failed to live up to the hopes of its creator, who dreamed of it becoming a universal second language.