36 Facts About Red wolf

Red wolf is a canine native to the southeastern United States.

Red wolf wolves were originally distributed throughout the southeastern and south-central United States from the Atlantic Ocean to central Texas, southeastern Oklahoma and southwestern Illinois in the west, and in the north from the Ohio River Valley, northern Pennsylvania, southern New York, and extreme southern Ontario in Canada south to the Gulf of Mexico.

The red wolf was nearly driven to extinction by the mid-1900s due to aggressive predator-control programs, habitat destruction, and extensive hybridization with coyotes.

The red wolf has been compared by some authors to the greyhound in general form, owing to its relatively long and slender limbs.

Red wolf is more sociable than the coyote, but less so than the gray wolf.

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Originally recognized red wolf range extended throughout the southeastern United States from the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts, north to the Ohio River Valley and central Pennsylvania, and west to Central Texas and southeastern Missouri.

In 1940 the biologist Stanley P Young noted that the red wolf was still common in eastern Texas, where more than 800 had been caught in 1939 because of their attacks on livestock.

Red wolf did not believe that they could be exterminated because of their habit of living concealed in thickets.

In 1962 a study of skull morphology of wild Canis in the states of Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas indicated that the red wolf existed in only a few populations due to hybridization with the coyote.

However, due to exposure to environmental disease, parasites, and competition, the red wolf was unable to successfully establish a wild population in the park.

In 1996, the red wolf was listed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as a critically endangered species.

In late 2018, two canids that are largely coyote were found on Galveston Island, Texas with red wolf alleles left from a ghost population of red wolves.

Since the 2014 programmatic review, the USFWS ceased implementing the red wolf adaptive management plan that was responsible for preventing red wolf hybridization with coyotes and allowed the release of captive-born red wolves into the wild population.

High wolf mortality related to anthropogenic causes appeared to be the main factor limiting wolf dispersal westward from the RWEPA.

The Wildlife Management Institute indicated the reintroduction of the red wolf was an incredible achievement.

Since before European colonization of the Americas, the red wolf has featured prominently in Cherokee spiritual beliefs, where it is known as wa'ya, and is said to be the companion of Kana'ti - the hunter and father of the Aniwaya or Wolf Clan.

Three subspecies of red wolf were originally recognized by Goldman, with two of these subspecies now being extinct.

The Florida black wolf has been extinct since 1908 and the Mississippi Valley red wolf was declared extinct by 1980.

Red wolf proposes that following the extinction of the dire wolf, the coyote appears to have been displaced from the southeastern US by the red wolf until the last century, when the extirpation of wolves allowed the coyote to expand its range.

Red wolf said that Nowak had put together more morphometric data on red wolves than anybody else, but Nowak's statistical analysis of the data revealed a red wolf that is difficult to deal with.

Red wolf noted that their skulls and dentition differed from those of gray wolves and closely approached those of coyotes.

Red wolf identified the specimens as all belonging to the one species which he referred to as Canis rufus.

The study proposes that by 1930 due to human habitat modification, the red wolf had disappeared from this region and had been replaced by a hybrid swarm.

In 1970, the wolf mammalogist L David Mech proposed that the red wolf was a hybrid of the gray wolf and coyote.

However, a 1971 study compared the cerebellum within the brain of six Canis species and found that the cerebellum of the red wolf indicated a distinct species, was closest to that of the gray wolf, but in contrast indicated some characteristics that were more primitive than those found in any of the other Canis species.

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In 1991, a study of red wolf mDNA indicates that red wolf genotypes match those known to belong to the gray wolf or the coyote.

The study concluded that the red wolf is either a wolf × coyote hybrid or a species that has hybridized with the wolf and coyote across its entire range.

The study proposed that the red wolf is a southeastern occurring subspecies of the gray wolf that has undergone hybridization due to an expanding coyote population; however, being unique and threatened that it should remain protected.

In 2009, a study of eastern Canadian wolves using microsatellites, mDNA, and the paternally-inherited yDNA markers found that the eastern Canadian Red wolf was a unique ecotype of the gray Red wolf that had undergone recent hybridization with other gray wolves and coyotes.

One of the findings proposed was that the eastern Red wolf is supported as a separate species by morphological and genetic data.

The study proposed that the specimens were either coyotes and this would mean that coyotes had occupied this region continuously rather than intermittently, a North American evolved red wolf lineage related to coyotes, or an ancient coyote–wolf hybrid.

Individuals within each group showed consistent levels of coyote to Red wolf inheritance, indicating that this was the result of relatively ancient admixture.

Researchers on both sides of the red wolf debate argue that admixed canids warrant full protection under this Act.

The study found that red wolf ancestry exists in the coyote populations of southwestern Louisiana and southeastern Texas, but newly detected in North Carolina.

The study proposes that coyotes expanded into the gulf region and admixed with red wolves prior to the red wolf going extinct in the wild due to loss of habitat and persecution.

The study presented the genetic evidence that the red wolf is a separate species, based on the structure of one of the loci of its X-chromosome which is accepted as a marker for distinct species.