101 Facts About Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia

Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia was described as the intellectual anchor for the originalist and textualist position in the US Supreme Court's conservative wing.

Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia spent most of the Carter years teaching at the University of Chicago, where he became one of the first faculty advisers of the fledgling Federalist Society.

Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia espoused a conservative jurisprudence and ideology, advocating textualism in statutory interpretation and originalism in constitutional interpretation.

Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia peppered his colleagues with "Ninograms" intending to persuade them to his point of view.

Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia was a strong defender of the powers of the executive branch and believed that the US Constitution permitted the death penalty and did not guarantee the right to either abortion or same-sex marriage.

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Furthermore, Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia viewed affirmative action and other policies that afforded special protected status to minority groups as unconstitutional.

Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia filed separate opinions in many cases, often castigating the Court's majority—sometimes scathingly so.

Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia was born on March 11,1936, in Trenton, New Jersey, and was an only child.

Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia's father, Salvatore Eugenio Scalia, an Italian immigrant from Sommatino, Sicily, graduated from Rutgers University and was a graduate student at Columbia University and clerk at the time of his son's birth.

The elder Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia would become a professor of Romance languages at Brooklyn College, where he was an adherent to the formalist New Criticism school of literary theory.

Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia's mother, Catherine Louise Scalia, was born in Trenton to Italian immigrant parents and worked as an elementary school teacher.

In 1953, Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia enrolled at Georgetown University, where he majored in history.

Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia became a champion collegiate debater in Georgetown's Philodemic Society and a critically praised thespian.

Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia took his junior year abroad in Switzerland at the University of Fribourg.

Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia then studied law at Harvard Law School, where he was a notes editor for the Harvard Law Review.

Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia began his legal career at the law firm Jones, Day, Cockley and Reavis in Cleveland, Ohio, where he worked from 1961 to 1967.

Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia was highly regarded at the law firm and would most likely have been made a partner but later said he had long intended to teach.

Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia left the law firm to become a professor of law at the University of Virginia School of Law in 1967, moving his family to Charlottesville.

Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia repeatedly testified before congressional committees, defending Ford administration assertions of executive privilege regarding its refusal to turn over documents.

Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia's view prevailed, and Ford vetoed the bill, but Congress overrode it.

Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia then returned to academia, taking up residence at the University of Chicago Law School from 1977 to 1982, though he spent one year as a visiting professor at Stanford Law School.

When Ronald Reagan was elected president in November 1980, Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia hoped for a major position in the new administration.

Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia was interviewed for the position of Solicitor General of the United States, but the position went to Rex E Lee, to Scalia's great disappointment.

Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia was confirmed by the US Senate on August 5,1982, and was sworn in on August 17,1982.

Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia had the advantage of not having Bork's "paper trail"; the elder judge had written controversial articles about individual rights.

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Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia was called to the White House and accepted Reagan's nomination.

When Senate Judiciary Committee hearings on Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia's nomination opened in August 1986, he faced a committee that had just argued divisively over the Rehnquist nomination.

Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia, who attended the hearing with his wife and nine children seated behind him, found time for a humorous exchange with Sen.

Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia indicated that the law was an unwarranted encroachment on the executive branch by the legislative.

Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia dissented, stating that the issuance of the Guidelines was a lawmaking function that Congress could not delegate and dubbed the Commission "a sort of junior-varsity Congress".

Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia dissented, seeing no Presentment Clause difficulties and feeling that the act did not violate the separation of powers.

Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia argued that authorizing the president to cancel an appropriation was no different from allowing him to spend an appropriation at his discretion, which had long been accepted as constitutional.

In 2004, in Rasul v Bush, the Court held that federal courts had jurisdiction to hear habeas corpus petitions brought by detainees at the Guantanamo Bay detainment camp.

The Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia held that although Congress had authorized Hamdi's detention, Fifth Amendment due process guarantees give a citizen such as Hamdi held in the United States as an enemy combatant the right to contest that detention before a neutral decision maker.

In March 2006, Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia gave a talk at the University of Fribourg in Switzerland.

In 1997, the Supreme Court considered the case of Printz v United States, a challenge to certain provisions of the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act, which required chief law enforcement officers of localities in states to perform certain duties.

The Supreme Court ruled unconstitutional the provision that imposed those duties as violating the Tenth Amendment, which reserves to the states and to the people those powers not granted to the federal government.

In 2005, Scalia concurred in Gonzales v Raich, which read the Commerce Clause to hold that Congress could ban the use of marijuana even when states approve its use for medicinal purposes.

Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia opined that the Commerce Clause, together with the Necessary and Proper Clause, permitted the regulation.

Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia based that decision on Wickard v Filburn, which he now wrote "expanded the Commerce Clause beyond all reason".

Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia rejected the existence of the negative Commerce Clause doctrine, calling it "a judicial fraud".

Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia argued that there is no constitutional right to abortion and that if the people desire legalized abortion, a law should be passed to accomplish it.

Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia noted, "We can now look forward to at least another Term of carts full of mail from the public, and the streets full of demonstrators".

In 2007, the Court upheld a federal statute banning partial-birth abortion in Gonzales v Carhart.

Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia disagreed with O'Connor's opinion for the Court, holding that states and localities could institute race-based programs if they identified past discrimination and if the programs were designed to remedy the past racism.

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Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia noted in that matter his view that government can never have a compelling interest in making up for past discrimination by racial preferences:.

Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia argued that laws that make distinctions between genders should be subjected to intermediate scrutiny, requiring that the gender classification be substantially related to important government objectives.

When, in 1996, the Court upheld a suit brought by a woman who wished to enter the Virginia Military Institute in the case of United States v Virginia, Scalia filed a lone, lengthy dissent.

In one of the final decisions of the Burger Court, the Court ruled in 1986 in Bowers v Hardwick that "homosexual sodomy" was not protected by the right of privacy and could be criminally prosecuted by the states.

Scalia dissented from the opinion by Justice Kennedy, believing that Bowers had protected the right of the states to pass such measures and that the Colorado amendment was not discriminatory but merely prevented homosexuals from gaining favored status under Colorado law.

Also in 2013, Scalia dissented from the majority opinion in United States v Windsor.

In Windsor, the Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia held Section Three of the Defense of Marriage Act unconstitutional under the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment.

In 2015, Scalia dissented from the majority opinion in Obergefell v Hodges, in which the Court ruled that the fundamental right to marry was guaranteed to same-sex couples by both the Due Process Clause and the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia claimed there was "no basis" for the Court to strike down legislation that the Fourteenth Amendment did not expressly forbid, and directly attacked the majority opinion for "lacking even a thin veneer of law".

Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia dissented in decisions that hold the death penalty unconstitutional as applied to certain groups, such as those who were under the age of 18 at the time of offense.

Although, in many areas, Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia's approach was unfavorable to criminal defendants, he took the side of defendants in matters involving the Confrontation Clause of the Sixth Amendment, which guarantees defendants the right to confront their accusers.

In multiple cases, Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia wrote against laws that allowed alleged victims of child abuse to testify behind screens or by closed-circuit television.

Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia maintained that every element of an offense that helps determine the sentence must be either admitted by the defendant or found by a jury under the Sixth Amendment's jury guarantee.

Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia found the procedure impermissible because whether it was a hate crime had not been decided by the jury.

The Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia struck down a conviction for marijuana manufacture based on a search warrant issued after such scans were conducted, which showed that the garage was considerably hotter than the rest of the house because of indoor growing lights.

In 2008, the Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia considered a challenge to the gun laws in the District of Columbia.

Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia traced the word "militia", found in the Second Amendment, as it would have been understood at the time of its ratification, stating that it then meant "the body of all citizens".

The Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia upheld Heller's claim to own a firearm in the District.

Scalia's opinion for the Heller Court was criticized by liberals and applauded by conservatives.

Seventh Circuit Judge Richard Posner disagreed with Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia's opinion, stating that the Second Amendment "creates no right to the private possession of guns".

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In October 2008, Scalia stated that the court's originalists needed to show only that at the time the Second Amendment was ratified, the right to bear arms did not have an exclusively military context and that they were successful in so showing.

Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia indicated his long-held position from the time of his 1983 law review article titled "The Doctrine of Standing as an Essential Element of the Separation of Powers".

The Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia found for the State of Missouri, requiring clear and convincing evidence of such a desire.

Scalia stated that the Court should have remained away from the dispute and that the issues "are [not] better known to the nine Justices of this Court any better than they are known to nine people picked at random from the Kansas City telephone directory".

University of Kansas social psychologist Lawrence Wrightsman wrote that Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia communicated "a sense of urgency on the bench" and had a style that was "forever forceful".

Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia doesn't come into oral argument all secretive and sphinxlike, feigning indecision on the nuances of the case before him.

Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia's writing style is best described as equal parts anger, confidence, and pageantry.

Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia has a taste for garish analogies and offbeat allusions—often very funny ones—and he speaks in no uncertain terms.

Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia is highly accessible and tries not to get bogged down in abstruse legal jargon.

Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia attempted to influence his colleagues by sending them "Ninograms"—short memoranda aimed at persuading them of the correctness of his views.

Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia was a textualist in statutory interpretation, believing that the ordinary meaning of a statute should govern.

In 1998, Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia vociferously opposed the idea of a living constitution, or the power of the judiciary to modify the meaning of constitutional provisions to adapt them to changing times.

Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia warned that if one accepted that constitutional standards should evolve with a maturing society, "the risk of assessing evolving standards is that it is all too easy to believe that evolution has culminated in one's own views".

Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia compared the Constitution to statutes he contended were not understood to change their meaning through time.

Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia described himself as an originalist, meaning that he interpreted the United States Constitution as it would have been understood when it was adopted.

Constitutional amendments, such as the 1868 Fourteenth Amendment, according to Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia, were to be interpreted based on their meaning at the time of ratification.

Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia's argument was based on the lack of an exception for groups such as corporations in the free speech guarantee in the Bill of Rights and on several examples of corporate political speech from the time of the adoption of the Bill of Rights.

Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia responded to his critics that his originalism "has occasionally led him to decisions he deplores, like his upholding the constitutionality of flag burning", which according to Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia was protected by the First Amendment.

In 2006, before George W Bush appointees Roberts and Alito had had time to make an impact, Rossum wrote that Scalia had failed to win converts among his conservative colleagues for his use of originalism, whereas Roberts and Alito, as younger men with an originalist approach, greatly admired Scalia battling for what he believed in.

Shortly after the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit ruled in Newdow's favor but before the case came before the Supreme Court, Scalia spoke at a Knights of Columbus event in Fredericksburg, Virginia, stating that the Ninth Circuit decision was an example of how the courts were trying to excise God from public life.

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Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia was asked to recuse himself because he had gone on a hunting trip with various persons including Cheney, during which he traveled one way on Air Force Two.

Scalia indicated that it was far from unusual for justices to socialize with other government officials, recalling that the late Chief Justice Fred M Vinson played poker with President Harry Truman and that Justice Byron White went skiing with Attorney General Robert F Kennedy.

Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia later described his refusal to recuse himself as his "most heroic opinion" because it had exposed him to a great deal of criticism.

Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia was a devout Roman Catholic, and his son Paul entered the priesthood.

Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia responded to the reports with a letter to the editor, accusing the news staff of watching too many episodes of The Sopranos and stating that the gesture was a strong brush-off.

On September 10,1960, Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia married Maureen McCarthy at St Pius X church in Yarmouth, Massachusetts.

Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia was a devout traditionalist Catholic and often attended the Tridentine Mass, when it was possible.

Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia was described as "not comfortable with the changes brought about by the Second Vatican Council".

Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia's body was discovered on the morning of February 13,2016, in his room at Cibolo Creek Ranch in Shafter, Texas.

Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia had gone quail hunting the afternoon before, and then dined as the guest of John B Poindexter, owner of the ranch.

Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia did not see the body, which under Texas law is not required, nor did she order an autopsy.

Scalia's physician, Rear Admiral Brian P Monahan, told her Scalia had a history of heart trouble, including high blood pressure, and was recently deemed too weak to undergo surgery for a torn rotator cuff.

Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia's remains were interred at a private ceremony at Fairfax Memorial Park in Fairfax, Virginia.

Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia traveled to the nation's law schools, giving talks on law and democracy.

We disagreed now and then, but when I wrote for the [Supreme] Court and received a Scalia dissent, the opinion ultimately released was notably better than my initial circulation.

Justice Scalia nailed all the weak spots—the "applesauce" and "argle bargle"—and gave me just what I needed to strengthen the majority opinion.