102 Facts About Jackie Kennedy

Jacqueline Lee Kennedy Onassis was an American socialite, writer, photographer, and book editor who served as first lady of the United States from 1961 to 1963, as the wife of President John F Kennedy.

Jackie Kennedy was elected to the Senate that same year, and the couple married on September 12,1953, in Newport, Rhode Island.

Jackie Kennedy died in 1994 and was buried at Arlington National Cemetery alongside President Kennedy.

Jackie Kennedy's mother was of Irish descent, and her father had French, Scottish, and English ancestry.

Jackie Kennedy's sister, Caroline Lee, was born four years later on March 3,1933.

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Jackie Kennedy looked up to her father, who likewise favored her over her sister, calling his elder child "the most beautiful daughter a man ever had".

Jackie Kennedy took ballet lessons, was an avid reader, and excelled at learning foreign languages, including French, Spanish, and Italian.

Jackie Kennedy was a bright student but often misbehaved; one of her teachers described her as "a darling child, the prettiest little girl, very clever, very artistic, and full of the devil".

Jackie Kennedy's mother attributed this behavior to her finishing her assignments ahead of classmates and then acting out in boredom.

Jackie Kennedy's behavior improved after the headmistress warned her that none of her positive qualities would matter if she did not behave.

Jackie Kennedy gave her a stable environment and the pampered childhood she otherwise would have never experienced.

Jackie Kennedy chose Miss Porter's because it was a boarding school that allowed her to distance herself from the Auchinclosses and because the school placed an emphasis on college preparatory classes.

Jackie Kennedy later hired her childhood friend Nancy Tuckerman to be her social secretary at the White House.

Jackie Kennedy graduated among the top students of her class and received the Maria McKinney Memorial Award for Excellence in Literature.

Jackie Kennedy had wanted to attend Sarah Lawrence College, closer to New York City, but her parents insisted that she choose the more isolated Vassar.

Jackie Kennedy was an accomplished student who participated in the school's art and drama clubs and wrote for its newspaper.

Jackie Kennedy had made her debut to high society in the summer before entering college and became a frequent presence in New York social functions.

Jackie Kennedy spent her junior year in France—at the University of Grenoble in Grenoble, and at the Sorbonne in Paris—in a study-abroad program through Smith College.

Jackie Kennedy followed the advice, left the job and returned to Washington after only one day of work.

Jacqueline Bouvier and US Representative John F Kennedy belonged to the same social circle and were formally introduced by a mutual friend, journalist Charles L Bartlett, at a dinner party in May 1952.

Jackie Kennedy was attracted to Kennedy's physical appearance, wit and wealth.

Bouvier and Jackie Kennedy married on September 12,1953, at St Mary's Church in Newport, Rhode Island, in a mass celebrated by Boston's Archbishop Richard Cushing.

Newlyweds honeymooned in Acapulco, Mexico, before settling in their new home, Hickory Hill in McLean, Virginia, a suburb of Washington, DC Jackie Kennedy developed a warm relationship with her parents-in-law, Joseph and Rose Jackie Kennedy.

John Jackie Kennedy suffered from Addison's disease and from chronic and at times debilitating back pain, which had been exacerbated by a war injury; in late 1954, he underwent a near-fatal spinal operation.

Additionally, Jacqueline Jackie Kennedy suffered a miscarriage in 1955 and in August 1956 gave birth to a stillborn daughter, Arabella.

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Jackie Kennedy gave birth to daughter Caroline on November 27,1957.

Soon enough, John Jackie Kennedy started to notice the value that his wife added to his congressional campaign.

Jackie Kennedy credited Jacqueline's visibility in the ads and stumping as vital assets in securing his victory, and he called her "simply invaluable".

That year, John Jackie Kennedy traveled to 14 states, but Jacqueline took long breaks from the trips so she could spend time with their daughter, Caroline.

Jackie Kennedy counseled her husband on improving his wardrobe in preparation for the presidential campaign planned for the following year.

On January 3,1960, John F Kennedy was a United States senator from Massachusetts when he announced his candidacy for the presidency and launched his campaign nationwide.

Jacqueline Jackie Kennedy subsequently participated in the campaign by writing a weekly syndicated newspaper column, Campaign Wife, answering correspondence, and giving interviews to the media.

Jacqueline Jackie Kennedy did not attend the nomination due to her pregnancy, which had been publicly announced ten days earlier.

Jackie Kennedy was in Hyannis Port when she watched the September 26,1960 debate—which was the nation's first televised presidential debate—between her husband and Republican candidate Richard Nixon, who was the incumbent vice president.

On November 8,1960, John F Kennedy narrowly defeated Republican opponent Richard Nixon in the US presidential election.

Jackie Kennedy spent two weeks recuperating in the hospital, during which the most minute details of both her and her son's conditions were reported by the media in what has been considered the first instance of national interest in the Kennedy family.

Jackie Kennedy's husband was sworn in as president on January 20,1961.

Jackie Kennedy insisted they kept a family home away from the public eye and rented Glen Ora at Middleburg.

Jackie Kennedy was the first presidential wife to hire a press secretary, Pamela Turnure, and carefully managed her contact with the media, usually shying away from making public statements, and strictly controlling the extent to which her children were photographed.

Jackie Kennedy had visited the White House on two occasions before she became first lady: the first time as a grade-school tourist in 1941 and again as the guest of outgoing First Lady Mamie Eisenhower shortly before her husband's inauguration.

Jackie Kennedy decided to make the family quarters attractive and suitable for family life by adding a kitchen on the family floor and new rooms for her children.

Jackie Kennedy personally wrote to possible donors in order to track down these missing furnishings and other historical pieces of interest.

Jacqueline Jackie Kennedy initiated a Congressional bill establishing that White House furnishings would be the property of the Smithsonian Institution rather than available to departing ex-presidents to claim as their own.

Jackie Kennedy founded the White House Historical Association, the Committee for the Preservation of the White House, the position of a permanent Curator of the White House, the White House Endowment Trust, and the White House Acquisition Trust.

Jackie Kennedy was the first presidential spouse to hire a White House curator.

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On February 14,1962, Jacqueline Jackie Kennedy, accompanied by Charles Collingwood of CBS News, took American television viewers on a tour of the White House.

At the urging of US Ambassador to India John Kenneth Galbraith, Jackie Kennedy undertook a tour of India and Pakistan with her sister Lee Radziwill in 1962.

Jackie Kennedy had found out on his visit to the White House that he and the First Lady had a common interest in horses.

Life magazine correspondent Anne Chamberlin wrote that Jackie Kennedy "conducted herself magnificently" although noting that her crowds were smaller than those that President Dwight Eisenhower and Queen Elizabeth II attracted when they had previously visited these countries.

Unlike her husband, Jackie Kennedy was fluent in Spanish, which she used to address Latin American audiences.

In early 1963, Jackie Kennedy was again pregnant, which led her to curtail her official duties.

Jackie Kennedy spent most of the summer at a home she and the President had rented on Squaw Island, which was near the Kennedy compound on Cape Cod, Massachusetts.

Jackie Kennedy had remained at Otis Air Force Base to recuperate after the Caesarean delivery; her husband went to Boston to be with their infant son and was present when he died.

President Jackie Kennedy initially had reservations, but he relented because he believed that it would be "good for her".

Jackie Kennedy did not realize that it was a gunshot until she heard Governor Connally scream.

Jackie Kennedy continued to wear the blood-stained pink suit as she boarded Air Force One and stood next to Johnson when he took the oath of office as president.

Johnson's biographer Robert Caro wrote that Johnson wanted Jacqueline Jackie Kennedy to be present at his swearing-in in order to demonstrate the legitimacy of his presidency to JFK loyalists and to the world at large.

Jackie Kennedy took an active role in planning her husband's state funeral, modeling it after Abraham Lincoln's service.

Jackie Kennedy requested a closed casket, overruling the wishes of her brother-in-law, Robert.

Jackie Kennedy led the procession on foot and lit the eternal flame—created at her request—at the gravesite.

Jackie Kennedy quoted Queen Guinevere from the musical, trying to express how the loss felt.

Jackie Kennedy spent 1964 in mourning and made few public appearances.

On January 14,1964, Jackie Kennedy made a televised appearance from the office of the Attorney General, thanking the public for the "hundreds of thousands of messages" she had received since the assassination, and said she had been sustained by America's affection for her late husband.

Jackie Kennedy purchased a house for herself and her children in Georgetown but sold it later in 1964 and bought a 15th-floor penthouse apartment for $250,000 at 1040 Fifth Avenue in Manhattan in the hopes of having more privacy.

Jackie Kennedy oversaw the establishment of the John F Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum, which is the repository for official papers of the Kennedy Administration.

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Jackie Kennedy attended the funeral services of Martin Luther King Jr.

Jackie Kennedy had been a source of support after she had suffered a miscarriage early in her marriage; it was he, not her husband, who stayed with her in the hospital.

Jackie Kennedy credited her with convincing him to stay in politics, and she supported his 1964 run for United States senator from New York.

January 1968 Tet offensive in Vietnam resulted in a drop in President Johnson's poll numbers, and Robert Jackie Kennedy's advisors urged him to enter the upcoming presidential race.

Jackie Kennedy met with him around this time and encouraged him to run after she had previously advised him to not follow Jack, but to "be yourself".

Jackie Kennedy confided in him about these feelings, but by her own account, he was "fatalistic" like her.

Jacqueline Jackie Kennedy rushed to Los Angeles to join his wife Ethel, her brother-in-law Ted, and the other Jackie Kennedy family members at his hospital bedside.

Robert Jackie Kennedy never regained consciousness and died the following day.

On October 20,1968, Jacqueline Jackie Kennedy married her long-time friend Aristotle Onassis, a wealthy Greek shipping magnate who was able to provide the privacy and security she sought for herself and her children.

Jackie Kennedy was condemned by some as a "public sinner", and became the target of paparazzi who followed her everywhere and nicknamed her "Jackie O".

Jackie Kennedy developed a close relationship with Ted, and from then on he was involved in her public appearances.

Jackie Kennedy died of respiratory failure aged 69 in Paris on March 15,1975.

Jackie Kennedy participated in the subsequent presidential campaign, which was unsuccessful.

Jackie Kennedy encouraged Dorothy West, her neighbor on Martha's Vineyard and the last surviving member of the Harlem Renaissance, to complete the novel The Wedding, a multi-generational story about race, class, wealth, and power in the US.

Jackie Kennedy ultimately obtained a restraining order against him, and the situation brought attention to the problem of paparazzi photography.

Jackie Kennedy began chemotherapy in January 1994 and publicly announced the diagnosis, stating that the initial prognosis was good.

Jackie Kennedy was interred at Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington, Virginia, alongside President Kennedy, their son Patrick, and their stillborn daughter Arabella.

Jacqueline Jackie Kennedy Onassis took conscious control of her public image and, by the time of her death, succeeded in rehabilitating it.

Jackie Kennedy reestablished her relationship with the Kennedy family and supported the John F Kennedy Library and Museum.

Jackie Kennedy was featured 27 times on the annual Gallup list of the top 10 most admired people of the second half of the 20th century; this number is superseded by only Billy Graham and Queen Elizabeth II and is higher than that of any US president.

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Jackie Kennedy was named Woman of the Year 1962 for her efforts in uplifting the American history and art.

Jacqueline Jackie Kennedy is seen as being customary in her role as first lady, though Magill argues her life was validation that "fame and celebrity" changed the way First Ladies are evaluated historically.

Wide variety of commentators have credited Jacqueline Kennedy with restoring the White House; the list includes Hugh Sidey, Letitia Baldrige, Laura Bush, Kathleen P Galop, and Carl Anthony.

Tina Turner and Jackie Joyner-Kersee have cited Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis as influences.

Jacqueline Jackie Kennedy became a global fashion icon during her husband's presidency.

In 1961, Jackie Kennedy spent $45,446 more on fashion than the $100,000 annual salary her husband earned as president.

Jackie Kennedy preferred French couture, particularly the work of Chanel, Balenciaga, and Givenchy, but was aware that in her role as first lady, she would be expected to wear American designers' work.

Jackie Kennedy suggested Ben Zuckerman, another highly regarded tailor who regularly offered re-interpretations of Paris couture, and the sportswear designer Stella Sloat, who occasionally offered Givenchy copies.

Jackie Kennedy set a new fashion trend with beltless, white jeans with a black turtleneck that was never tucked in and instead pulled down over her hips.

Jacqueline Jackie Kennedy Onassis acquired a large collection of jewelry throughout her lifetime.

Jackie Kennedy wore Schlumberger's gold and enamel bracelets so frequently in the early and mid-1960s that the press called them "Jackie bracelets"; she favored his white enamel and gold "banana" earrings.

Jackie Kennedy was named to the International Best Dressed List Hall of Fame in 1965.

Griffis said she had been told by her orthodontist of her resemblance to Jackie Kennedy and was cast as her upon walking into the auditions for the role.

Hennessy prepared for the performance by watching hours of archival footage of Kennedy and cited one of the reasons for her favoring of the miniseries was its distinctiveness in not focusing "strictly on the men or only on Jackie".

Neil Genzlinger thought Bisset "should have known better" in taking on the role while Kristen Tauer wrote Bisset portraying Jackie Kennedy as a mother was a "different central light than many proceeding films".

Kelly admitted to having difficulty with perfecting Jackie Kennedy's voice, going "to sleep listening to her", and having discomfort with the wool clothing associated with the role.

Goodwin used intimate photos to better portray Jacqueline Jackie Kennedy and was concerned "to do her justice and to play her as accurately as possible without ever doing an impression of her".