80 Facts About President Calvin Coolidge

President Calvin Coolidge was elected the country's 29th vice president the next year, succeeding the presidency upon the sudden death of President Warren G Harding in 1923.

President Calvin Coolidge signed into law the Indian Citizenship Act of 1924, which granted US citizenship to all Native Americans, and oversaw a period of rapid and expansive economic growth known as the "Roaring Twenties", leaving office with considerable popularity.

President Calvin Coolidge was known for his hands-off governing approach and pro-business stances.

President Calvin Coolidge's critics argue that he failed to use the country's economic boom to help struggling farmers and workers in other flailing industries, and there is still much debate among historians as to the extent to which Coolidge's economic policies contributed to the onset of the Great Depression.

President Calvin Coolidge was the elder of the two children of John Calvin Coolidge Sr.

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President Calvin Coolidge Senior engaged in many occupations and developed a statewide reputation as a prosperous farmer, storekeeper, and public servant.

President Calvin Coolidge held various local offices, including justice of the peace and tax collector and served in the Vermont House of Representatives as well as the Vermont Senate.

President Calvin Coolidge's mother was the daughter of Hiram Dunlap Moor, a Plymouth Notch farmer and Abigail Franklin.

President Calvin Coolidge's was chronically ill and died at the age of 39, perhaps from tuberculosis, when Coolidge was 12 years old.

President Calvin Coolidge's father married a Plymouth schoolteacher in 1891, and lived to the age of 80.

President Calvin Coolidge's family had deep roots in New England; his earliest American ancestor, John President Calvin Coolidge, emigrated from Cottenham, Cambridgeshire, England, around 1630 and settled in Watertown, Massachusetts.

President Calvin Coolidge's great-great-grandfather, named John President Calvin Coolidge, was an American military officer in the Revolutionary War and one of the first selectmen of the town of Plymouth.

President Calvin Coolidge was a descendant of Samuel Appleton, who settled in Ipswich and led the Massachusetts Bay Colony during King Philip's War.

President Calvin Coolidge attended Black River Academy and then St Johnsbury Academy, before enrolling at Amherst College, where he distinguished himself in the debating class.

At his father's urging after graduation, President Calvin Coolidge moved to Northampton, Massachusetts to become a lawyer.

In 1897, President Calvin Coolidge was admitted to the Massachusetts bar, becoming a country lawyer.

President Calvin Coolidge practiced commercial law, believing that he served his clients best by staying out of court.

In 1903, President Calvin Coolidge met Grace Goodhue, a University of Vermont graduate and teacher at Northampton's Clarke School for the Deaf.

President Calvin Coolidge was frugal, and when it came to securing a home, he insisted upon renting.

Republican Party was dominant in New England at the time, and President Calvin Coolidge followed the example of Hammond and Field by becoming active in local politics.

In 1896, Coolidge campaigned for Republican presidential candidate William McKinley, and was selected to be a member of the Republican City Committee the next year.

President Calvin Coolidge was elected for a one-year term in 1900, and reelected in 1901.

In 1904, President Calvin Coolidge suffered his sole defeat at the ballot box, losing an election to the Northampton school board.

President Calvin Coolidge won a close victory over the incumbent Democrat, and reported to Boston for the 1907 session of the Massachusetts General Court.

President Calvin Coolidge forged another key strategic alliance with Guy Currier, who had served in both state houses and had the social distinction, wealth, personal charm and broad circle of friends which President Calvin Coolidge lacked, and which would have a lasting impact on his political career.

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In 1907, he was elected to a second term, and in the 1908 session President Calvin Coolidge was more outspoken, though not in a leadership position.

President Calvin Coolidge was renominated in 1911, and defeated the same opponent by a slightly larger margin.

In 1911, the State Senator for the Hampshire County area retired and successfully encouraged President Calvin Coolidge to run for his seat for the 1912 session; President Calvin Coolidge defeated his Democratic opponent by a large margin.

Coolidge intended to retire after his second term as was the custom, but when the president of the state senate, Levi H Greenwood, considered running for lieutenant governor, Coolidge decided to run again for the Senate in the hopes of being elected as its presiding officer.

President Calvin Coolidge's speech was well received, and he attracted some admirers on its account; towards the end of the term, many of them were proposing his name for nomination to lieutenant governor.

President Calvin Coolidge's supporters, led by fellow Amherst alumnus Frank Stearns, encouraged him again to run for lieutenant governor.

President Calvin Coolidge was the leading vote-getter in the Republican primary, and balanced the Republican ticket by adding a western presence to McCall's eastern base of support.

In Massachusetts, the lieutenant governor does not preside over the state Senate, as is the case in many other states; nevertheless, as lieutenant governor, President Calvin Coolidge was a deputy governor functioning as an administrative inspector and was a member of the governor's council.

President Calvin Coolidge was chairman of the finance committee and the pardons committee.

President Calvin Coolidge was unopposed for the Republican nomination for Governor of Massachusetts in 1918.

President Calvin Coolidge, sensing the severity of circumstances were then in need of his intervention, conferred with Crane's operative, William Butler, and then acted.

President Calvin Coolidge called up more units of the National Guard, restored Curtis to office, and took personal control of the police force.

That night President Calvin Coolidge received a telegram from AFL leader Samuel Gompers.

President Calvin Coolidge gave a number of unremarkable speeches around the country.

President Calvin Coolidge looked then precisely as though he had been weaned on a pickle.

Vice President Coolidge was in Vermont visiting his family home, which had neither electricity nor a telephone, when he received word by messenger of Harding's death.

President Calvin Coolidge dressed, said a prayer, and came downstairs to greet the reporters who had assembled.

Nation initially did not know what to make of President Calvin Coolidge, who had maintained a low profile in the Harding administration; many had even expected him to be replaced on the ballot in 1924.

President Calvin Coolidge believed that those of Harding's men under suspicion were entitled to every presumption of innocence, taking a methodical approach to the scandals, principally the Teapot Dome scandal, while others clamored for rapid punishment of those they presumed guilty.

President Calvin Coolidge thought the Senate investigations of the scandals would suffice; this was affirmed by the resulting resignations of those involved.

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President Calvin Coolidge personally intervened in demanding the resignation of Attorney General Harry M Daugherty after he refused to cooperate with the congressional probe.

President Calvin Coolidge then set about to confirm that no loose ends remained in the administration, arranging for a full briefing on the wrongdoing.

President Calvin Coolidge signed the Immigration Act later that year, which was aimed at restricting southern and eastern European immigration, but appended a signing statement expressing his unhappiness with the bill's specific exclusion of Japanese immigrants.

President Calvin Coolidge won the election with 382 electoral votes and the popular vote by 2.

President Calvin Coolidge disdained regulation and demonstrated this by appointing commissioners to the Federal Trade Commission and the Interstate Commerce Commission who did little to restrict the activities of businesses under their jurisdiction.

The regulatory state under President Calvin Coolidge was, as one biographer described it, "thin to the point of invisibility".

President Calvin Coolidge's ideas were shared by the Republicans in Congress, and in 1924, Congress passed the Revenue Act of 1924, which reduced income tax rates and eliminated all income taxation for some two million people.

Federal spending remained flat during President Calvin Coolidge's administration, allowing one-fourth of the federal debt to be retired in total.

President Calvin Coolidge has often been criticized for his actions during the Great Mississippi Flood of 1927, the worst natural disaster to hit the Gulf Coast until Hurricane Katrina in 2005.

President Calvin Coolidge did not believe that personally visiting the region after the floods would accomplish anything, and that it would be seen as mere political grandstanding.

President Calvin Coolidge did not want to incur the federal spending that flood control would require; he believed property owners should bear much of the cost.

When Congress passed a compromise measure in 1928, President Calvin Coolidge declined to take credit for it and signed the bill in private on May 15.

President Calvin Coolidge disliked the Ku Klux Klan and no Klansman is known to have received an appointment from him.

President Calvin Coolidge repeatedly called for laws to make lynching a federal crime .

President Calvin Coolidge further stated the United States should assist and help immigrants who come to the country and urged immigrants to reject "race hatreds" and "prejudices".

President Calvin Coolidge was neither well versed nor very interested in world affairs.

President Calvin Coolidge's focus was directed mainly at American business, especially pertaining to trade, and "Maintaining the Status Quo".

President Calvin Coolidge considered the 1920 Republican victory as a rejection of the Wilsonian position that the United States should join the League of Nations.

President Calvin Coolidge spoke in favor of the United States joining the Permanent Court of International Justice, provided that the nation would not be bound by advisory decisions.

Additionally, President Calvin Coolidge attempted to pursue further curbs on naval strength following the early successes of Harding's Washington Naval Conference by sponsoring the Geneva Naval Conference in 1927, which failed owing to a French and Italian boycott and ultimate failure of Great Britain and the United States to agree on cruiser tonnages.

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President Calvin Coolidge continued the previous administration's policy of withholding recognition of the Soviet Union.

President Calvin Coolidge recognized Mexico's new governments under Alvaro Obregon and Plutarco Elias Calles, and continued American support for the elected Mexican government against the National League for the Defense of Religious Liberty during the Cristero War, lifting the arms embargo on that country; he appointed Dwight Morrow as Ambassador to Mexico with the successful objective to avoid further American conflict with Mexico.

President Calvin Coolidge would be the last sitting American president to visit Cuba until Barack Obama in 2016.

Canada, President Calvin Coolidge authorized the St Lawrence Seaway, a system of locks and canals that would provide large vessels passage between the Atlantic Ocean and the Great Lakes.

President Calvin Coolidge kept Harding's able speechwriter Judson T Welliver; Stuart Crawford replaced Welliver in November 1925.

President Calvin Coolidge was replaced by Frank B Kellogg, who had previously served as a senator and as the ambassador to Great Britain.

Stone was serving as dean of Columbia Law School when Coolidge appointed him to be attorney general in 1924 to restore the reputation tarnished by Harding's Attorney General, Harry M Daugherty.

President Calvin Coolidge nominated 17 judges to the United States Courts of Appeals and 61 judges to the United States district courts.

President Calvin Coolidge appointed judges to various specialty courts as well, including Genevieve R Cline, who became the first woman named to the federal judiciary when Coolidge placed her on the United States Customs Court in 1928.

President Calvin Coolidge signed the Judiciary Act of 1925 into law, allowing the Supreme Court more discretion over its workload.

President Calvin Coolidge kept a Hacker runabout boat on the Connecticut River and was often observed on the water by local boating enthusiasts.

President Calvin Coolidge was an honorary president of the American Foundation for the Blind, a director of New York Life Insurance Company, president of the American Antiquarian Society, and a trustee of Amherst College.

President Calvin Coolidge made himself available to reporters, giving 520 press conferences, meeting with reporters more regularly than any president before or since.

President Calvin Coolidge signed the Radio Act of 1927, which assigned regulation of radio to the newly created Federal Radio Commission.

When Charles Lindbergh arrived in Washington on a U S Navy ship after his celebrated 1927 trans-Atlantic flight, President Coolidge welcomed him back to the U S and presented him with the Medal of Honor; the event was captured on film.