61 Facts About Subhash Bose

Subhas Chandra Bose was an Indian nationalist whose defiance of British authority in India made him a hero among Indians, but his wartime alliances with Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan left a legacy vexed by authoritarianism, anti-Semitism, and military failure.

Subhas Subhash Bose was born into wealth and privilege in a large Bengali family in Orissa during the British Raj.

Subhash Bose succeeded with distinction in the vital first exam but demurred at taking the routine final exam, citing nationalism to be a higher calling.

Subhash Bose followed Jawaharlal Nehru to leadership in a group within the Congress which was less keen on constitutional reform and more open to socialism.

Subhash Bose chose to escape to Manchuria to seek a future in the Soviet Union which he believed to have turned anti-British.

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Subhash Bose's father, who was reserved in manner and busy with professional life, was a distant presence in a large family, causing Subhas to feel he had a nondescript childhood.

In 1909 the 12-year-old Subhas Subhash Bose followed his five brothers to the Ravenshaw Collegiate School in Cuttack.

Subhas Subhash Bose followed his five brothers again 1913 to Presidency College, Calcutta, the historic and traditional college for Bengal's upper-caste Hindu men.

Subhash Bose chose to study philosophy, his readings including Kant, Hegel, Bergson and other Western philosophers.

Subhash Bose's absence caused emotional distress to his parents, leading both parents to break down upon his return.

Subhash Bose was expelled from the college and rusticated from University of Calcutta.

Subhash Bose joined Scottish Church College, receiving his B A in 1918 in the First Class with honours in philosophy, placing second among all philosophy students in Calcutta University.

At his father's urging, Subhas Subhash Bose agreed to travel to England to prepare and appear for the Indian Civil Services examination.

Subhash Bose was eager to gain admission to a college at the University of Cambridge.

Subhash Bose sought help from some Indian students and from the Non-Collegiate Students Board.

Subhash Bose entered the register of the university on 19 November 1919 and simultaneously set about preparing for the Civil Service exams.

Subhas Subhash Bose took the open competitive exam for them in August 1920 and was placed fourth.

Subhash Bose prepared to sail for India in June 1921, electing for a fellow Indian student to pick up his diploma.

Subhash Bose thought Gandhi's answers were vague, his goals unclear, his plan for achieving them not thought through.

Gandhi and Subhash Bose differed in this first meeting on the question of means- for Gandhi non-violent means to any end were non-negotiable; in Subhash Bose's thought, all means were acceptable in the service of anti-colonial ends.

Subhash Bose started the newspaper Swaraj and took charge of publicity for the Bengal Provincial Congress Committee.

Subhash Bose worked as the CEO of the Calcutta Municipal Corporation for Das when the latter was elected mayor of Calcutta in 1924.

In 1927, after being released from prison, Subhash Bose became general secretary of the Congress party and worked with Jawaharlal Nehru for independence.

In late December 1928, Subhash Bose organised the Annual Meeting of the Indian National Congress in Calcutta.

Subhash Bose organized a volunteer corps in uniform, its officers were even provided with steel-cut epaulettes.

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Little later, Subhash Bose was again arrested and jailed for civil disobedience; this time he emerged to become Mayor of Calcutta in 1930.

Subhash Bose observed party organisation and saw communism and fascism in action.

Subhash Bose was supported in Europe by the Indian Central European Society organized by Otto Faltis from Vienna.

Subhash Bose stood for unqualified Swaraj, including the use of force against the British.

Subhash Bose attempted to maintain unity, but Gandhi advised Subhash Bose to form his own cabinet.

However, due to the manoeuvrings of the Gandhi-led clique in the Congress Working Committee, Subhash Bose found himself forced to resign from the Congress presidency.

On 22 June 1939 Subhash Bose organised the All India Forward Bloc a faction within the Indian National Congress, aimed at consolidating the political left, but its main strength was in his home state, Bengal.

When Subhas Chandra Subhash Bose was heading to Madurai, on an invitation of Muthuramalinga Thevar to amass support for the Forward Bloc, he passed through Madras and spent three days at Gandhi Peak.

Subhash Bose's correspondence reveals that despite his clear dislike for British subjugation, he was deeply impressed by their methodical and systematic approach and their steadfastly disciplinarian outlook towards life.

Subhash Bose came to believe that an independent India needed socialist authoritarianism, on the lines of Turkey's Kemal Ataturk, for at least two decades.

For political reasons Subhash Bose was refused permission by the British authorities to meet Ataturk at Ankara.

Subhash Bose was thrown in jail by the British, but was released following a seven-day hunger strike.

Subhash Bose escaped from under British surveillance from his Elgin Road house in Calcutta on the night of 17 January 1941, accompanied by his nephew Sisir Kumar Subhash Bose, later reaching Gomoh Railway Station in the then state of Bihar, India.

Subhash Bose journeyed to Peshawar with the help of the Abwehr, where he was met by Akbar Shah, Mohammed Shah and Bhagat Ram Talwar.

Subhash Bose was taken to the home of Abad Khan, a trusted friend of Akbar Shah's.

On 26 January 1941, Subhash Bose began his journey to reach Russia through British India's North West frontier with Afghanistan.

Subhash Bose's guide Bhagat Ram Talwar, unknown to him, was a Soviet agent.

However, Subhash Bose found the Soviets' response disappointing and was rapidly passed over to the German Ambassador in Moscow, Count von der Schulenburg.

Subhash Bose founded the Free India Center in Berlin, and created the Indian Legion out of Indian prisoners of war who had previously fought for the British in North Africa prior to their capture by Axis forces.

Subhash Bose was prepared to envisage an invasion of India via the USSR by Nazi troops, spearheaded by the Azad Hind Legion; many have questioned his judgment here, as it seems unlikely that the Germans could have been easily persuaded to leave after such an invasion, which might have resulted in an Axis victory in the War.

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In February 1943, Subhash Bose left Schenkl and their baby daughter and boarded a German submarine to travel, via transfer to a Japanese submarine, to Japanese-occupied southeast Asia.

Subhash Bose travelled with the German submarine U-180 around the Cape of Good Hope to the southeast of Madagascar, where he was transferred to the I-29 for the rest of the journey to Imperial Japan.

Subhash Bose was able to reorganise the fledgling army and organise massive support among the expatriate Indian population in south-east Asia, who lent their support by both enlisting in the Indian National Army, as well as financially in response to Subhash Bose's calls for sacrifice for the independence cause.

However, with the fall of Rangoon, Subhash Bose's government ceased to be an effective political entity.

When Rahman came to, he and Subhash Bose attempted to leave by the rear door, but found it blocked by the luggage.

Subhash Bose was conscious and mostly coherent when they reached the hospital, and for some time thereafter.

Subhash Bose was naked, except for a blanket wrapped around him, and Dr Yoshimi immediately saw evidence of third-degree burns on many parts of the body, especially on his chest, doubting very much that he would live.

Subhash Bose still had a clear head which Dr Yoshimi found remarkable for someone with such severe injuries.

Subhash Bose's body was cremated in the main Taihoku crematorium two days later, 20 August 1945.

Subhas Chandra Subhash Bose believed that the Bhagavad Gita was a great source of inspiration for the struggle against the British.

Subhash Bose first expressed his preference for "a synthesis of what modern Europe calls socialism and fascism" in a 1930 speech in Calcutta.

Subhash Bose had clearly expressed his belief that democracy was the best option for India.

However, during the war, Subhash Bose seems to have decided that no democratic system could be adequate to overcome India's poverty and social inequalities, and he wrote that a socialist state similar to that of Soviet Russia would be needed for the process of national re-building.

Accordingly, some suggest that Subhash Bose's alliance with the Axis during the war was based on more than just pragmatism and that Subhash Bose was a militant nationalist, though not a Nazi nor a Fascist, for he supported the empowerment of women, secularism and other liberal ideas; alternatively, others consider he might have been using populist methods of mobilisation common to many post-colonial leaders.

Subhash Bose was featured on the stamps in India from 1964,1993,1997,2001,2016,2018 and 2021.

Subhash Bose was featured in ?2 coins in 1996 and 1997, ?75 coin in 2018 and ?125 coin in 2021.