Bin Laden's father was Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden, a Saudi millionaire from Hadhramaut, Yemen, and the founder of the construction company, Saudi Binladin Group.
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Bin Laden studied at university in the country until 1979, when he joined Mujahideen forces in Pakistan fighting against the Soviet Union in Afghanistan.
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Bin Laden helped to fund the Mujahideen by funneling arms, money, and fighters from the Arab world into Afghanistan, and gained popularity among many Arabs.
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Bin Laden was banished from Saudi Arabia in 1992, lost his Saudi citizenship in 1994, and shifted his base to Sudan until US pressure forced him to leave in 1996.
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Bin Laden became the subject of a decade-long international manhunt, during which the FBI offered a $25million bounty on him.
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The couple had four children, and bin Laden lived in the new household with three half-brothers and one half-sister.
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Bin Laden studied economics and business administration at King Abdulaziz University.
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At age 17 in 1974, bin Laden married Najwa Ghanem at Latakia, Syria; but they were later separated and she left Afghanistan on 9 September 2001.
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Bin Laden's other known wives were Khadijah Sharif ; Khairiah Sabar ; Siham Sabar ; and Amal al-Sadah.
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Bin Laden fathered between 20 and 26 children with his wives.
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Bin Laden describes him as a frugal man and strict father, who enjoyed taking his large family on shooting trips and picnics in the desert.
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Bin Laden had an olive complexion and was left-handed, usually walking with a cane.
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Bin Laden had stopped wearing the traditional Saudi male keffiyeh and instead wore the traditional Yemeni male keffiyeh.
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Bin Laden was described as soft-spoken and mild-mannered in demeanor.
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Bin Laden believed that the Islamic world was in crisis and that the complete restoration of Sharia law would be the only way to set things right in the Muslim world.
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Bin Laden opposed such alternatives as secular government, as well as pan-Arabism, socialism, communism, and democracy.
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Bin Laden believed that Afghanistan, under the rule of Mullah Omar's Taliban, was "the only Islamic country" in the Muslim world.
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Bin Laden consistently dwelt on the need for violent jihad to right what he believed were injustices against Muslims perpetrated by the United States and sometimes by other non-Muslim states.
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Bin Laden called for the elimination of Israel, and called upon the United States to withdraw all of its civilians and military personnel from the Middle East, as well as from every Islamic country of the world.
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Bin Laden was indicted on terrorism charges by law enforcement agencies in Madrid, New York City, and Tripoli.
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Bin Laden believed this would lead to economic collapse of the enemy countries, by "bleeding" them dry.
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Bin Laden invoked democracy both as an example of the deceit and fraudulence of Western political system—American law being "the law of the rich and wealthy"—and as the reason civilians are responsible for their government's actions and so can be lawfully punished by death.
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Bin Laden denounced democracy as a "religion of ignorance" that violates Islam by issuing man-made laws, but in a later statement compares the Western democracy of Spain favorably to the Muslim world in which the ruler is accountable.
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Bin Laden was heavily anti-Semitic, stating that most of the negative events that occurred in the world were the direct result of Jewish actions.
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Bin Laden stated that Jews and Muslims could never get along and that war was "inevitable" between them, and further accused the US of stirring up anti-Islamic sentiment.
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Bin Laden claimed that the US State Department and US Department of Defense were controlled by Jews, for the sole purpose of serving the Israeli state's goals.
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Bin Laden was opposed to music on religious grounds, and his attitude towards technology was mixed.
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Bin Laden was interested in earth-moving machinery and genetic engineering of plants on the one hand, but rejected chilled water on the other.
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Bin Laden believed climate change to be a serious threat and penned a letter urging Americans to work with President Barack Obama to make a rational decision to "save humanity from the harmful gases that threaten its destiny".
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Bin Laden established camps inside Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan and trained volunteers from across the Muslim world to fight against the Soviet-backed regime, the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan.
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Between 1986 and 1987, bin Laden set up a base in eastern Afghanistan for several dozen of his own Arab soldiers.
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From this base, bin Laden participated in some combat activity against the Soviets, such as the Battle of Jaji in 1987.
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Bin Laden alleged that the Pakistan Army induced Osama bin Laden to lead an armed group of Sunni tribals, from Afghanistan and the North-West Frontier Province, into Gilgit and its surrounding areas to suppress the revolt.
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Bin Laden was angered by the internecine tribal fighting among the Afghans.
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Bin Laden funded the 1990 Afghan coup d'etat attempt and lobbied the Parliament of Pakistan to carry out an unsuccessful motion of no confidence against Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto.
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Bin Laden publicly denounced Saudi dependence on the US forces, arguing that the Quran prohibited non-Muslims from setting foot in the Arabian Peninsula and that two holiest shrines of Islam, Mecca and Medina, the cities in which the prophet Muhammad received and recited Allah's message, should only be defended by Muslims.
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Bin Laden tried to convince the Saudi ulama to issue a fatwa condemning the American military deployment but senior clerics refused out of fear of repression.
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In 1991, bin Laden was expelled from Saudi Arabia by its government after repeatedly criticizing the Saudi alliance with the United States.
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Meanwhile, in March–April 1992, bin Laden tried to play a pacifying role in the escalating civil war in Afghanistan, by urging warlord Gulbuddin Hekmatyar to join the other mujahideen leaders negotiating a coalition government instead of trying to conquer Kabul for himself.
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Bin Laden was the Sudan agent for the British firm Hunting Surveys, and built roads using the same bulldozers he had employed to construct mountain tracks in Afghanistan.
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Bin Laden was generous to the poor and popular with the people.
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US State Department accused Sudan of being a sponsor of international terrorism and bin Laden of operating terrorist training camps in the Sudanese desert.
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In late 1995, when Bin Laden was still in Sudan, the State Department and the Central Intelligence Agency learned that Sudanese officials were discussing with the Saudi government the possibility of expelling Bin Laden.
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The Saudis did not want Bin Laden, giving as their reason their revocation of his citizenship.
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Bin Laden chose to return to Jalalabad, Afghanistan aboard a chartered flight on 18 May 1996; there he forged a close relationship with Mullah Mohammed Omar.
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Bin Laden effectively took over Ariana Afghan Airlines, which ferried Islamic militants, arms, cash, and opium through the United Arab Emirates and Pakistan, as well as provided false identifications to members of bin Laden's terrorist network.
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Michael Scheuer, head of the CIA's bin Laden unit, concluded that Ariana was being used as a terrorist taxi service.
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At the public announcement, fatwa bin Laden announced that North Americans are "very easy targets".
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Bin Laden is a former roommate of Ahmed Ressam, the man arrested at the Canada–United States border in mid-December 1999 with a car full of nitroglycerin and bomb-making materials.
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Bin Laden was convicted of colluding with Osama bin Laden by a French court.
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Bin Laden claimed that they had informed Richard Holbrooke that KLA was being aided by al-Qaeda but the US decided to cooperate with the KLA and thus indirectly with Osama despite the 1998 United States embassy bombings earlier.
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On 16 September 2001, bin Laden read a statement later broadcast by Qatar's Al Jazeera satellite channel denying responsibility for the attack.
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Bin Laden was still wanted by the Libyan government at the time of his death.
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Osama bin Laden was first indicted by a grand jury of the United States on 8 June 1998, on a charges of conspiracy to attack defense utilities of the United States and prosecutors further charged that bin Laden was the head of the terrorist organization called al-Qaeda, and that he was a major financial backer of Islamic fighters worldwide.
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On 4 November 1998, Osama bin Laden was indicted by a Federal Grand Jury in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, on charges of Murder of US Nationals Outside the United States, Conspiracy to Murder US Nationals Outside the United States, and Attacks on a Federal Facility Resulting in Death for his alleged role in the 1998 United States embassy bombings in Kenya and Tanzania.
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The evidence against bin Laden included courtroom testimony by former al-Qaeda members and satellite phone records, from a phone purchased for him by al-Qaeda procurement agent Ziyad Khaleel in the United States.
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Bin Laden became the 456th person listed on the FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives list, when he was added on 7 June 1999, following his indictment along with others for capital crimes in the 1998 embassy attacks.
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On 10 October 2001, bin Laden appeared as well on the initial list of the top 22 FBI Most Wanted Terrorists, which was released to the public by the President of the United States George W Bush, in direct response to the September 11 attacks, but which was again based on the indictment for the 1998 embassy attack.
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Bin Laden was among a group of thirteen fugitive terrorists wanted on that latter list for questioning about the 1998 embassy bombings.
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Bin Laden remains the only fugitive ever to be listed on both FBI fugitive lists.
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Shortly after the September 11 attacks it was revealed that President Clinton had signed a directive authorizing the CIA to apprehend bin Laden and bring him to the United States to stand trial after the 1998 United States embassy bombings in Africa; if taking bin Laden alive was deemed impossible, then deadly force was authorized.
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Bin Laden was believed to be hiding in the White Mountains in Afghanistan's east, near the Pakistani border.
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Intelligence officials assembled what they believed to be decisive evidence, from contemporary and subsequent interrogations and intercepted communications, that bin Laden began the Battle of Tora Bora inside the cave complex along Afghanistan's mountainous eastern border.
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Subsequently, bin Laden retreated further from public contact to avoid capture.
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Bin Laden wrote that the tatarrus doctrine needs to be revisited based on the modern-day context and clear boundaries established.
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Bin Laden asked a subordinate to draw up a jihadist code of conduct that would constrain military operations in order to avoid civilian casualties.
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In Yemen, Bin Laden urged his allies to seek a truce that would bring the country stability, or would at least show the people that they were careful in keeping Muslims safe on the basis of peace.
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Bin Laden instructed his followers around the world to focus on education and persuasion rather than entering into confrontations with Islamic political parties.
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Osama bin Laden was killed in Abbottabad, Pakistan, on 2 May 2011, shortly after 1:00 AM local time by a United States military special operations unit.
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Bin Laden was killed within the fortified complex of buildings that were probably built for him, and had reportedly been his home for at least five years.
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Documents captured from the Abbottabad compound generally show that bin Laden was wary of contact with Pakistani intelligence and police, especially in light of Pakistan's role in the arrest of Khalid Sheikh Mohammed.
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